BibbyPhilosophy

Reading · Years 7–11

Core Philosophy

Primary texts connected to the five-year Core Philosophy journey.

165 reviewed texts

Primary texts for Core Philosophy.

Open a Bibby reader or follow the checked edition at its source.

  1. WorldCat · G. E. M. Anscombe · 1919–2001IntentionThe landmark analysis of intentional action, practical knowledge and reasons.WorldCat record for the 2000 Harvard University Press paperback edition of Anscombe's 1957 monograph. · Bibliographic and library-location record only; availability depends on the holding library.WEB
  2. Cambridge Core · G. E. M. Anscombe · 1919–2001Modern Moral PhilosophyA critique of consequentialism, moral obligation and the state of moral psychology.Philosophy, volume 33, issue 124, January 1958. · Official Cambridge Core article page with full-text access where made available under the publisher's terms.WEB
  3. PhilArchive · G. E. M. Anscombe · 1919–2001War and MurderAn argument about intention, civilian killing and the moral corruption of consequentialist reasoning.Full-text copy of the essay first published in Nuclear Weapons: A Catholic Response (1961), supplied through the PhilPapers/PhilArchive research index. · Free full-text PDF; automated clients may encounter an anti-bot response, but the document is indexed and readable through the repository.WEB
  4. University of Chicago Press · Hannah Arendt · 1906–1975The Human ConditionLabour, work, action, plurality, natality and the public world.Second edition with introduction by Margaret Canovan; 2018 edition includes a foreword by Danielle Allen. · Publisher edition record, description and purchase links.WEB
  5. Penguin Books UK · Hannah Arendt · 1906–1975The Origins of TotalitarianismAntisemitism, imperialism, statelessness and totalitarian domination.Penguin Modern Classics publisher record for the 2017 paperback edition, ISBN 9780241316757. · Publisher description and bibliographic record with purchase options; not a complete online text.WEB
  6. Penguin Books UK · Hannah Arendt · 1906–1975Eichmann in JerusalemA report on judgement, responsibility and the banality of evil.Penguin Classics publisher record for the ebook edition, ISBN 9780141931593. · Publisher description and bibliographic record with purchase options; not a complete online text.WEB
  7. Project Gutenberg · Aristotle · 384–322 BCENicomachean EthicsVirtue, practical wisdom, friendship and human flourishing.English translation by D. P. Chase, with an introduction by J. A. Smith. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  8. Project Gutenberg · Aristotle · 384–322 BCEPoliticsThe relation between forms of government, citizenship and living well together.William Ellis translation, catalogued as Politics: A Treatise on Government. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  9. MIT Internet Classics Archive · Aristotle · 384–322 BCEMetaphysicsBeing, substance, explanation and first principles.W. D. Ross translation presented by the MIT Internet Classics Archive. · Free full-text HTML with a plain-text download offered by the archive.WEB
  10. Project Gutenberg · Augustine · 354–430ConfessionsAn inquiry into memory, desire, time, conversion and the divided will.English translation by E. B. Pusey. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  11. Christian Classics Ethereal Library · Augustine · 354–430City of GodHistory, political order, earthly peace and the contrast between rival orientations of love.City of God in volume 2 of the first series of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, in a historical English translation. · Free readable HTML with PDF, EPUB and other download options supplied by CCEL.WEB
  12. Cambridge Core · Augustine · 354–430On Free Choice of the WillFree will, moral evil, divine justice and the source of wrongdoing.Cambridge Core chapter record for Peter King's translation in Augustine: On the Free Choice of the Will, On Grace and Free Choice, and Other Writings (2010). · Publisher abstract and bibliographic record; complete access may require purchase or an institutional subscription.WEB
  13. Open Library · Simone de Beauvoir · 1908–1986The Ethics of AmbiguityFreedom, responsibility, oppression and ethical commitment without final certainty.Open Library record for the 1994 Citadel Press edition translated by Bernard Frechtman. · Bibliographic, locate and controlled-borrowing record; availability and preview scope can vary and this is not an unrestricted full-text edition.WEB
  14. Penguin Random House · Simone de Beauvoir · 1908–1986The Second SexA philosophical, historical and social analysis of woman as Other and identity as becoming.Complete unabridged English translation by Constance Borde and Sheila Malovany-Chevallier; 2011 Vintage edition. · Publisher record with Look Inside sample and purchase options.WEB
  15. University of Illinois Press · Simone de Beauvoir · 1908–1986Pyrrhus and CineasAction, projects and the relation between one's freedom and other people.Publisher record for Philosophical Writings (2005), a scholarly English collection that includes Pyrrhus and Cineas. · Bibliographic publisher record with purchase information; not a complete online text of the essay.WEB
  16. Routledge · bell hooks · 1952–2021Ain't I a WomanBlack women's history, racism in feminism and sexism within anti-racist struggle.Routledge publisher record for the second edition, ISBN 9781138821514. · Publisher description and bibliographic record with purchase options; not a complete online text.WEB
  17. Routledge · bell hooks · 1952–2021Feminist Theory: From Margin to CenterA reconstruction of feminism as a mass movement against interlocking domination.Routledge publisher record for the third edition, ISBN 9781138821668. · Publisher description and bibliographic record with purchase options; not a complete online text.WEB
  18. Routledge · bell hooks · 1952–2021Teaching to TransgressEngaged pedagogy, voice, authority and education as a practice of freedom.First edition, Routledge, 1994, ISBN 9780415908085. · Publisher edition record and purchase or institutional-access route.WEB
  19. WorldCat · bell hooks · 1952–2021All About LoveA love ethic grounded in practice, responsibility and resistance to domination.WorldCat record for the William Morrow paperback edition of All About Love: New Visions. · Bibliographic and library-location record only; availability depends on the holding library.WEB
  20. University of Texas at Austin, Political Theory · Jeremy Bentham · 1748–1832An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and LegislationUtility, motivation, punishment and legislative judgement.Web transcription of the 1907 Oxford reprint of Bentham's 1823 author-corrected edition; notes by Paul Lyon. · Free chapter-by-chapter HTML text.WEB
  21. Google Books · Jeremy Bentham · 1748–1832The Rationale of PunishmentA forward-looking account of when penal harm could be justified.Digitised record of the 1830 Robert Heward edition, edited and translated from Bentham's manuscripts by Richard Smith. · Bibliographic record with page viewing or preview subject to Google Books availability controls.WEB
  22. Penguin Books UK · Camus · 1913–1960The Myth of SisyphusThe philosophical essay on absurdity, suicide, lucidity and revolt.English translation by Justin O'Brien, with an introduction by James Wood; Penguin Modern Classics ebook. · Publisher edition record, sample where available, and purchase route.WEB
  23. Penguin Books UK · Camus · 1913–1960The RebelA study of rebellion, revolution, murder and the need for limits.Penguin Modern Classics publisher record for Anthony Bower's English translation, ISBN 9780141182018. · Publisher description and bibliographic record with purchase options; not a complete online text.WEB
  24. Penguin Books UK · Camus · 1913–1960The PlagueA novel testing solidarity, suffering and ordinary resistance to catastrophe.Penguin Classics publisher record for Robin Buss's English translation, ISBN 9780241458877. · Publisher description and bibliographic record with purchase options; not a complete online text.WEB
  25. Project Gutenberg · Cesare Beccaria · 1738–1794On Crimes and PunishmentsThe case for legal certainty, proportionality, prevention and reform of torture and capital punishment.Contained in James Anson Farrer's Crimes and Punishments (1880), which presents a new English translation of Beccaria's text with commentary. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page; the container volume and translator are identified explicitly.WEB
  26. David Chalmers · Chalmers · 1966–The Conscious MindA systematic argument against reductive materialism and for a fundamental theory of consciousness.Author-maintained page for the 1996 Oxford University Press book, with contents and selected supporting material. · Official author page with bibliographic information and selected extracts or supporting material; not the complete book.WEB
  27. David Chalmers's author website · Chalmers · 1966–Consciousness and Its Place in NatureA map of materialist and anti-materialist positions on consciousness, including the route to naturalistic dualism.Author-hosted HTML of the chapter published in The Blackwell Guide to Philosophy of Mind, edited by Stephen Stich and Fritz Warfield, 2003. · Free full text hosted by the author.WEB
  28. David Chalmers · Chalmers · 1966–Facing Up to the Problem of ConsciousnessThe influential distinction between easy problems and the hard problem.Author-hosted version of the article published in Journal of Consciousness Studies 2(3), 1995. · Free full-text HTML with a PDF link on the author's official site.WEB
  29. David Chalmers · Chalmers · 1966–Constructing the WorldA defence of scrutability and a framework connecting epistemic and modal structure.Author-maintained page for the 2012 Oxford University Press book, with extended contents and selected manuscript material. · Official author page with bibliographic information and selected supporting material; not the complete book.WEB
  30. Project Gutenberg · Confucius · 551–479 BCEAnalectsConversations and sayings on learning, ritual, virtue, government and exemplary conduct.English translation by James Legge. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  31. Internet Sacred Text Archive · Confucius · 551–479 BCEBook of RitesA later ritual classic that preserves traditions central to the Confucian account of social formation.James Legge's historical English translation of the Li Ki (Book of Rites). · Free full-text HTML organised by book and section.WEB
  32. Perseus Digital Library · Diogenes of Sinope · c. 404–323 BCEAncient testimoniaDiogenes left no secure surviving body of writing; his philosophy is reconstructed from later reports and Cynic practice.Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers, English translation by R. D. Hicks, Loeb Classical Library edition. · No writings by Diogenes of Sinope survive. This is a primary ancient testimony about his life and teachings, not a work authored by him.WEB
  33. Project Gutenberg · W. E. B. Du Bois · 1868–1963The Souls of Black FolkThe colour line, the veil, double consciousness, education and Black life after emancipation.Original English text in the Project Gutenberg catalogue edition. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  34. Simon & Schuster · W. E. B. Du Bois · 1868–1963Black Reconstruction in AmericaA revisionary history of slavery, labour, democracy and Reconstruction.Publisher record for the Free Press edition, with an introduction by David Levering Lewis, ISBN 9780684856575. · Publisher description and bibliographic record with purchase options; not a complete online text.WEB
  35. Open Library · W. E. B. Du Bois · 1868–1963Dusk of DawnAn autobiographical and sociological account of the changing concept of race.Open Library record for an Oxford W. E. B. Du Bois edition of Dusk of Dawn. · Bibliographic and library-location record only; preview or controlled-borrowing availability can vary.WEB
  36. Early Modern Texts · Elisabeth of Bohemia · 1618–1680The Correspondence between Princess Elisabeth of Bohemia and René DescartesLetters on mind-body interaction, emotion, virtue, freedom and political life.Jonathan Bennett adaptation into contemporary English; the author page lists the 1643–1649 correspondence. · Free readable and downloadable modern-English adaptation.WEB
  37. Perseus Digital Library · Epicurus · 341–270 BCELetter to MenoeceusA concise statement of pleasure, desire, death, prudence and the good life.Preserved in Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers, Book X; English translation by R. D. Hicks. · Free readable HTML of Book X, including Epicurus's letter.WEB
  38. MIT Internet Classics Archive · Epicurus · 341–270 BCEPrincipal DoctrinesShort teachings on pleasure, justice, friendship, knowledge and freedom from fear.R. D. Hicks's historical English translation of Epicurus's forty Principal Doctrines. · Free full-text HTML with a plain-text download offered by the archive.WEB
  39. Wikisource · Epicurus · 341–270 BCELetter to HerodotusAn outline of atomist physics intended to remove superstition and cosmic fear.R. D. Hicks's 1925 English translation from Diogenes Laertius, Lives of the Eminent Philosophers. · Free full-text HTML with PDF and EPUB exports supplied by Wikisource.WEB
  40. Penguin Books UK · Frantz Fanon · 1925–1961Black Skin, White MasksLanguage, embodiment, recognition and the lived psychology of racialisation.English translation by Richard Philcox; 2021 Penguin Modern Classics edition. · Publisher edition record, sample where available, and purchase route.WEB
  41. Penguin Books UK · Frantz Fanon · 1925–1961The Wretched of the EarthColonial violence, national consciousness, culture and decolonisation.Penguin Modern Classics publisher record for Constance Farrington's English translation, ISBN 9780141186542. · Publisher description and bibliographic record with purchase options; not a complete online text.WEB
  42. Grove Atlantic · Frantz Fanon · 1925–1961A Dying ColonialismTransformations in everyday life and institutions during the Algerian revolution.Official publisher record for Haakon Chevalier's English translation, ISBN 9780802150271. · Publisher description and bibliographic record with purchase options; not a complete online text.WEB
  43. PhilPapers · Foot · 1920–2010The Problem of Abortion and the Doctrine of the Double EffectThe paper that introduces the trolley comparison while testing intention, side effects and duties not to harm.Oxford Review, number 5, 1967, pages 5–15; the repository PDF notes its later inclusion in Virtues and Vices and identifies minor stylistic amendments. · Direct full-text PDF from the PhilPapers archive.WEB
  44. Oxford Academic · Foot · 1920–2010Virtues and VicesEssays on virtue, moral reasons, abortion, euthanasia and the trolley comparison.Oxford Academic record for the second edition of the essay collection, published by Oxford University Press in 2002. · Publisher record, contents and chapter abstracts; complete access may require purchase or an institutional subscription.WEB
  45. Oxford Academic · Foot · 1920–2010Natural GoodnessA mature account connecting moral evaluation with life-form judgements.Oxford Academic record for the Oxford University Press monograph published in 2001. · Publisher record, contents and chapter abstracts; complete access may require purchase or an institutional subscription.WEB
  46. Oxford Academic · Foot · 1920–2010Moral BeliefsAn influential challenge to the view that moral judgements merely express attitudes.Official Oxford Academic chapter record for Moral Beliefs in the 2002 second edition of Virtues and Vices; first published in Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 59 (1959). · Publisher abstract and bibliographic record; complete access may require purchase or an institutional subscription.WEB
  47. Penguin Books UK · Michel Foucault · 1926–1984Discipline and PunishThe prison, surveillance, examination and the production of disciplined bodies.English translation by Alan Sheridan; 2020 Penguin Modern Classics edition. · Publisher edition record, Look Inside sample where available, and purchase route.WEB
  48. Penguin Books UK · Michel Foucault · 1926–1984The History of Sexuality, Volume 1Power, discourse, confession, sexuality and biopolitics.Penguin Classics publisher record for volume 1, The Will to Knowledge, in Robert Hurley's English translation, ISBN 9780141991344. · Publisher description and bibliographic record with purchase options; not a complete online text.WEB
  49. Routledge · Michel Foucault · 1926–1984The Order of ThingsHistorical changes in the conditions organising knowledge in the human sciences.Routledge publisher record for the second English-language edition, ISBN 9780415267373. · Publisher description and bibliographic record with purchase options; not a complete online text.WEB
  50. JSTOR · Frankfurt · 1929–2023Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a PersonThe hierarchy of desires, personhood and freedom of the will.Stable journal record for The Journal of Philosophy 68(1), 14 January 1971, pages 5-20. · Bibliographic record and platform preview; complete access may require an account or institutional subscription.WEB
  51. JSTOR · Frankfurt · 1929–2023Alternate Possibilities and Moral ResponsibilityCounterexamples to the claim that responsibility requires the ability to do otherwise.The Journal of Philosophy, volume 66, number 23, 1969, pages 829–839. · Stable journal record; full-text access may depend on an institution or personal account.WEB
  52. Cambridge Core · Frankfurt · 1929–2023The Importance of What We Care AboutEssays on care, necessity, identification and the structure of agency.Official Cambridge Core chapter record for the title essay in The Importance of What We Care About (1988), pages 80-94. · Publisher abstract and bibliographic record; complete access may require purchase or an institutional subscription.WEB
  53. Oxford Academic · Fricker · 1966–Epistemic InjusticeThe foundational account of testimonial and hermeneutical injustice.Oxford University Press, 2007; print ISBN 9780198237907. · Publisher book record with online chapter access subject to subscription or purchase.WEB
  54. Wiley Online Library · Fricker · 1966–Epistemic Injustice and a Role for Virtue in the Politics of KnowingA concise statement of power, credibility and corrective epistemic virtue.Published on Wiley under the title Epistemic Justice and a Role for Virtue in the Politics of Knowing, Metaphilosophy 34 (1–2), 2003, pp. 154–173, DOI 10.1111/1467-9973.00266. · Official journal record with abstract and access options; the supplied work title is retained, but the publisher's title differs by Injustice/Justice.WEB
  55. Wiley Online Library · Fricker · 1966–What's the Point of Blame?An account of blame as a communicative and moral practice rather than mere hostile reaction.Published as What's the Point of Blame? A Paradigm Based Explanation, Noûs 50 (1), 2016, pp. 165–183; first published online 15 May 2014, DOI 10.1111/nous.12067. · Official journal record with abstract and access options; the supplied short title is retained for profile matching.WEB
  56. JSTOR · Goldman · 1938–2024A Causal Theory of KnowingAn early externalist proposal linking knowledge to an appropriate causal chain.The Journal of Philosophy 64 (12), 22 June 1967, pp. 357–372; stable JSTOR record 2024268. · Stable journal record with institutional or personal access options and any preview JSTOR makes available.WEB
  57. SpringerLink · Goldman · 1938–2024What Is Justified Belief?The paper that formulates process reliabilism as an account of epistemic justification.Chapter 1, pages 1–23, in George S. Pappas, editor, Justification and Knowledge, originally published 1979. · Official publisher abstract and chapter access; download may require an institution or purchase.WEB
  58. Google Books · Goldman · 1938–2024Epistemology and CognitionThe major development of process reliabilism and naturalistic epistemology.Harvard University Press, 1986, 437 pages; edition-specific Google Books bibliographic record. · Controlled Google Books record with bibliographic information, library and seller routes, and only the preview permitted for the user's region.WEB
  59. Oxford Academic · Goldman · 1938–2024Knowledge in a Social WorldA veritistic framework for evaluating testimony, institutions and public knowledge practices.Oxford University Press, published 14 January 1999; print ISBN 9780198238201, online ISBN 9780191597527, DOI 10.1093/0198238207.001.0001. · Official book record with abstract, contents and institutional access routes.WEB
  60. Cambridge Core · Hegel · 1770–1831Phenomenology of SpiritThe development of consciousness through certainty, recognition, culture, religion and absolute knowing.Translated by Terry Pinkard and edited by Michael Baur, Cambridge University Press, 2018; DOI 10.1017/9781139050494. · Official edition record with contents, preview material and institutional access options.WEB
  61. Cambridge Core · Hegel · 1770–1831Science of LogicThe self-development of fundamental categories of thought and being.Translated and edited by George di Giovanni, Cambridge University Press, print publication 2010; DOI 10.1017/9780511780240. · Official edition record with contents, preview material and institutional access options.WEB
  62. Project Gutenberg · Hegel · 1770–1831Hegel's Philosophy of MindThe subjective, objective and absolute forms of spirit in the third part of the Encyclopaedia.English translation by William Wallace. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  63. Cambridge Aspire · Hegel · 1770–1831Elements of the Philosophy of RightFreedom embodied in property, morality, family, civil society and the state.Edited by Allen W. Wood and translated by H. B. Nisbet, Cambridge University Press, 1991; DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511808012. · Official edition record with description and purchase or institutional access routes.WEB
  64. SUNY Press · Heidegger · 1889–1976Being and TimeDasein, worldhood, care, temporality, authenticity and the question of Being.English translation by Joan Stambaugh, revised by Dennis J. Schmidt; 2010 revised edition. · Publisher edition record and purchase route.WEB
  65. Google Books · Heidegger · 1889–1976The Question Concerning TechnologyTechnology as a mode of revealing that orders beings as standing reserve.In The Question Concerning Technology, and Other Essays, translated with an introduction by William Lovitt; Harper Collins reprint, 1982, pp. 3–35, ISBN 9780061319693. · Controlled Google Books preview of the publisher edition, with the essay identified in the contents; availability may vary by region.WEB
  66. Cambridge Core · Heidegger · 1889–1976Letter on HumanismA clarification of Being, humanism, language and the relation to existentialism.Letter on ‘Humanism’ (1946), translated by Frank A. Capuzzi, in Pathmarks, edited by William McNeill, Cambridge University Press, 1998, pp. 239–276; book DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511812637. · Official book contents record identifies the essay and offers a publisher extract plus institutional access options.WEB
  67. Project Gutenberg · Hobbes · 1588–1679LeviathanA systematic account of human motivation, covenant, sovereignty, law and religion.Original English text in the Project Gutenberg catalogue edition. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  68. Cambridge Aspire · Hobbes · 1588–1679De CiveAn earlier presentation of political obligation, civil power and the conditions of peace.Published as Hobbes: On the Citizen, edited by Richard Tuck and translated by Michael Silverthorne, Cambridge University Press, 1998; DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511808173. · Official publisher record for the complete modern English edition with institutional access and purchase routes.WEB
  69. Routledge · Hobbes · 1588–1679The Elements of LawEarly arguments about human nature, bodies politic and sovereign authority.The Elements of Law Natural and Politic, edited by Ferdinand Tönnies; Routledge edition based on the 1889 critical edition, 272 pages, ISBN 9780367142148. · Official publisher edition record with description, contents and purchase or ebook access routes.WEB
  70. The Isaiah Berlin Virtual Library, Wolfson College Oxford · Isaiah Berlin · 1909–1997Two Concepts of LibertyThe distinction between negative and positive liberty and warnings about coercive self-mastery.Authorised archive presentation of Berlin's 1958 inaugural lecture, with an editorial introduction and PDF access. · Free authorised online archive and downloadable PDF.WEB
  71. Penguin UK · Isaiah Berlin · 1909–1997The Crooked Timber of HumanityEssays on value conflict, nationalism, utopianism and the history of ideas.Vintage Digital revised edition, published 30 June 2012, ISBN 9781446496961; edited by Henry Hardy, with a new foreword by John Banville and a new appendix. · Official publisher record with edition description and purchase routes; it is not a downloadable full text.WEB
  72. Hachette UK · Isaiah Berlin · 1909–1997The Hedgehog and the FoxA study of Tolstoy framed by the contrast between one organising vision and many irreducible insights.W&N Essentials paperback, published 28 April 2022, ISBN 9781474619707; with a foreword by Michael Ignatieff. · Official publisher record with a Read Excerpt control and purchase routes.WEB
  73. Project Gutenberg · Immanuel Kant · 1724–1804Groundwork of the Metaphysics of MoralsGood will, duty and the principal formulations of the categorical imperative.Thomas Kingsmill Abbott translation; Project Gutenberg title: Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  74. Project Gutenberg · Immanuel Kant · 1724–1804Critique of Pure ReasonThe conditions and limits of possible experience and knowledge.J. M. D. Meiklejohn translation · Free English full text and downloads.WEB
  75. Online Library of Liberty · Immanuel Kant · 1724–1804The Metaphysics of MoralsA developed account of right, virtue and duties.William Hastie's 1887 translation of the Doctrine of Right · Free HTML, PDF and EPUB editions.WEB
  76. Project Gutenberg · Immanuel Kant · 1724–1804The Metaphysics of MoralsA developed account of right, virtue and duties.Thomas Kingsmill Abbott translation of the Doctrine of Virtue · Free English full text and downloads.WEB
  77. Google Books · Soren Kierkegaard · 1813–1855Either/OrPseudonymous presentations of aesthetic and ethical ways of living.Either/Or, Part I, translated and edited by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Kierkegaard's Writings III, Princeton University Press ebook edition, 2013, ISBN 9781400846931. · Controlled preview and bibliographic record for Part I only; this destination does not provide the complete two-part work.WEB
  78. Google Books · Soren Kierkegaard · 1813–1855Fear and TremblingFaith, sacrifice, ethical universality and the story of Abraham.Kierkegaard's Writings, volume VI; edited and translated by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong. · Edition-specific bibliographic record and controlled preview; this is not represented as a downloadable full text.WEB
  79. Google Books · Soren Kierkegaard · 1813–1855The Sickness Unto DeathDespair and the self as a relation that must become rightly related to itself and its source.Translated and edited by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Kierkegaard's Writings XIX, Princeton University Press ebook edition, 2013, ISBN 9781400847020. · Controlled Google Books preview and edition record; readable extent may vary by region.WEB
  80. Project Gutenberg · John Locke · 1632–1704An Essay Concerning Human UnderstandingIdeas, knowledge, language and personal identity.Project Gutenberg Volume 1, based on the 1690 second edition, Books I and II; original English text. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  81. Cambridge Aspire · John Locke · 1632–1704Two Treatises of GovernmentNatural rights, consent, property and political legitimacy.Edited by Peter Laslett, revised Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought edition, 1988, 478 pages; DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511810268. · Official complete-edition record listing both the First and Second Treatises, with institutional access options.WEB
  82. Online Library of Liberty · John Locke · 1632–1704A Letter Concerning TolerationThe limits of coercion in matters of belief and worship.In A Letter concerning Toleration and Other Writings, edited by Mark Goldie, Liberty Fund, 2010; based on the corrected second English edition of 1690. · Free full web reading plus repository-generated PDF and EPUB downloads from the title page.WEB
  83. Marxists Internet Archive · Karl Marx · 1818–1883Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844Early manuscripts on alienated labour, private property, human flourishing and Marx's critical inheritance from Hegel and Feuerbach.Archive landing page for the 1974 Gregor Benton translation and the 1959 Martin Milligan translation published by Progress Publishers. · Free complete online reading in two English translations, with edition choices identified before entry.WEB
  84. Marxists Internet Archive · Karl Marx · 1818–1883Theses on FeuerbachEleven compressed theses connecting truth, human activity, social relations and revolutionary practice.Cyril Smith's 2002 English translation, based on work undertaken jointly with Don Cuckson; the page distinguishes Marx's original notes from Engels's later edited publication. · Free complete online text with a downloadable PDF.WEB
  85. Marxists Internet Archive · Karl Marx · 1818–1883The German IdeologyWith Friedrich Engels, an unfinished critique of post-Hegelian philosophy and an early formulation of the materialist approach to history.Archive contents page for the manuscripts written by Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1845–46, first published in full in 1932, with material drawn from Marx-Engels Collected Works, volume 5. · Free online access to the principal sections and associated editorial notes.WEB
  86. Marxists Internet Archive · Karl Marx · 1818–1883Manifesto of the Communist PartyWith Friedrich Engels, a political argument about class struggle, capitalism's transformations and communist organisation.Samuel Moore's 1888 translation, produced with Friedrich Engels, checked against the 1888 English edition and presented from Marx/Engels Selected Works, volume one. · Free complete online text with PDF, EPUB and other downloads; the edition page declares Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike terms for the hosted document.WEB
  87. Marxists Internet Archive · Karl Marx · 1818–1883Capital, Volume IAn analysis of commodities, value, labour-power, surplus value, accumulation and the historical formation of capitalist production.First English edition of 1887, translated by Samuel Moore and Edward Aveling, edited by Friedrich Engels, with later spelling modernisation and archive corrections recorded on the edition page. · Complete online text with downloadable PDF, EPUB and other formats from the edition index.WEB
  88. Marxists Internet Archive · Karl Marx · 1818–1883Critique of the Gotha ProgrammeA late intervention on labour, distribution, political transition and the different phases of communist society.English text from Marx/Engels Selected Works, volume three, Progress Publishers, 1970; written in 1875 and first published in abridged form in 1890–91. · Free complete online text organised with its foreword, correspondence, four parts and appendix.WEB
  89. Routledge · Mary Midgley · 1919–2018Beast and ManHuman nature, animal continuities and criticism of narrow accounts of instinct and reason.Routledge edition, 2003, ISBN 9780415289870. · Publisher edition record and purchase or institutional-access route.WEB
  90. University of Georgia Press · Mary Midgley · 1919–2018Animals and Why They MatterMoral consideration, species boundaries and the place of animals in human ethical thought.University of Georgia Press paperback, published 1 September 1998, 160 pages, ISBN 9780820320410. · Official publisher record with description and purchase routes; it is not a downloadable full text.WEB
  91. Routledge · Mary Midgley · 1919–2018Evolution as a ReligionA critique of turning evolutionary theory into a totalising myth of progress or destiny.Evolution as a Religion: Strange Hopes and Stranger Fears, second edition, Routledge, 2002, 224 pages, ISBN 9780415278331. · Official publisher record with description, contents and purchase or institutional ebook routes.WEB
  92. Routledge · Mary Midgley · 1919–2018WickednessAn inquiry into evil, responsibility, aggression and the refusal to project wrongdoing onto alien monsters.Second edition, Routledge, 2001, 252 pages, ISBN 9780415253987. · Official publisher record with description, contents and purchase or institutional ebook routes.WEB
  93. Project Gutenberg · John Stuart Mill · 1806–1873On LibertyIndividuality, free discussion, social pressure and the harm principle.Original English text in a Project Gutenberg transcription; the catalogue page does not identify a translator. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  94. Project Gutenberg · John Stuart Mill · 1806–1873UtilitarianismA defence and refinement of consequentialist ethics.Project Gutenberg transcription of the seventh edition, Longmans, Green, and Co., 1879, reprinted from Fraser's Magazine; original English text. · Complete readable web text with repository-provided ebook downloads.WEB
  95. Project Gutenberg · John Stuart Mill · 1806–1873The Subjection of WomenA critique of legal and social hierarchy between the sexes.Project Gutenberg transcription of the first edition, Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, 1869; original English text. · Complete readable web text with repository-provided ebook downloads.WEB
  96. Routledge · Iris Murdoch · 1919–1999The Sovereignty of GoodEssays on attention, unselfing, moral vision and the Good.Routledge second edition, ISBN 9780415253994. · Publisher edition record and purchase or institutional-access route.WEB
  97. Penguin Random House Library Marketing · Iris Murdoch · 1919–1999Existentialists and MysticsCollected philosophical writings on freedom, art, morality, Plato and modern thought.Existentialists and Mystics: Writings on Philosophy and Literature, edited by Peter Conradi, Penguin Books paperback, 1999, 576 pages, ISBN 9780140264920. · Official publisher library record with contents, a Look Inside control and purchase or examination-copy routes.WEB
  98. Penguin UK · Iris Murdoch · 1919–1999Metaphysics as a Guide to MoralsA wide-ranging later reflection on moral philosophy, religion, art and metaphysical orientation.Vintage Classics paperback, published 7 May 2015, 544 pages, ISBN 9780099433552; the work was first published by Chatto & Windus in 1992. · Official publisher record with description and purchase routes; it is not a downloadable full text.WEB
  99. Oxford Academic · Nagel · 1937–What Is It Like to Be a Bat?The classic argument that objective information may leave out the subjective character of experience.Oxford University Press 50th-anniversary book edition, 2024. · Publisher abstract and chapter access; full access may require purchase or subscription.WEB
  100. Open Library · Nagel · 1937–The View from NowhereAn exploration of the tension between personal standpoints and objective understanding.Work-level library catalogue record for The View from Nowhere; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  101. Open Library · Nagel · 1937–Mortal QuestionsEssays on death, absurdity, moral luck, consciousness and equality.Work-level library catalogue record for Mortal questions; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  102. Project Gutenberg · Friedrich Nietzsche · 1844–1900On the Genealogy of MoralityGenealogical essays on good and evil, guilt, punishment and ascetic ideals.English translation by J. M. Kennedy and Horace B. Samuel in The Complete Works of Friedrich Nietzsche, volume 13, edited by Oscar Levy. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  103. Project Gutenberg · Friedrich Nietzsche · 1844–1900Beyond Good and EvilA critique of dogmatism, morality and the philosopher's hidden valuations.English translation by Helen Zimmern. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  104. Project Gutenberg · Friedrich Nietzsche · 1844–1900The Gay ScienceExperiment, nihilism, knowledge and the death of God.Historical English edition titled The Joyful Wisdom (La Gaya Scienza), with translators Paul V. Cohn, Thomas Common and Maude Dominica Petre. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  105. Basic Books · Robert Nozick · 1938–2002Anarchy, State, and UtopiaRights, entitlement, the minimal state and the critique of patterned justice.Basic Books trade paperback with a new foreword by Thomas Nagel, ISBN 9780465051007. · Publisher edition record and purchase links.WEB
  106. Open Library · Robert Nozick · 1938–2002Philosophical ExplanationsKnowledge, identity, value, free will and philosophical method.Work-level library catalogue record for Philosophical Explanations; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  107. Open Library · Martha Nussbaum · 1947–Women and Human DevelopmentA systematic defence of the capabilities approach through gender and global justice.Work-level library catalogue record for Women and Human Development; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  108. Harvard University Press · Martha Nussbaum · 1947–Creating CapabilitiesAn accessible statement of the approach and its use in development and public policy.Belknap Press of Harvard University Press edition, 2011, ISBN 9780674050549. · Publisher edition record and purchase route; no open full text is represented.WEB
  109. Open Library · Martha Nussbaum · 1947–Frontiers of JusticeDisability, nationality and species membership as limits of contractarian theories.Work-level library catalogue record for Frontiers of Justice; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  110. Oxford Academic · Parfit · 1942–2017Reasons and PersonsPersonal identity, rationality, future generations and population ethics.Oxford University Press online edition; print ISBN 9780198249085. · Publisher record with online chapter access subject to purchase or subscription.WEB
  111. Open Library · Parfit · 1942–2017On What MattersA large-scale attempt to connect consequentialist, Kantian and contractualist moral reasoning.Work-level library catalogue record for On what matters; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  112. JSTOR · Parfit · 1942–2017Personal IdentityAn influential paper developing reductionism and psychological-continuity cases.The Philosophical Review, volume 80, number 1, January 1971, pages 3-27. · Stable journal record with institutional full-text access where available; bibliographic or preview-only otherwise.WEB
  113. Project Gutenberg · Plato · c. 427–347 BCERepublicJustice, education, political order and the image of the cave.Benjamin Jowett translation, based chiefly on his third edition of 1888 with Stephanus numbering from the 1908 edition. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  114. Project Gutenberg · Plato · c. 427–347 BCEMenoVirtue, inquiry and the puzzle of how searching for knowledge is possible.English translation by Benjamin Jowett. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  115. Project Gutenberg · Plato · c. 427–347 BCESymposiumA sequence of rival speeches about love, desire and ascent.English translation by Benjamin Jowett. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  116. Cambridge Core · Putnam · 1926–2016The Nature of Mental StatesThe multiple-realisability argument and an influential functionalist account of mind.Chapter in Philosophical Papers, Volume 2: Mind, Language and Reality, Cambridge University Press. · Official publisher chapter record; full access may require an institution or purchase.WEB
  117. Cambridge Core · Putnam · 1926–2016The Meaning of 'Meaning'Twin Earth and the externalist claim that meanings are not simply in the head.Chapter 12 in Philosophical Papers, volume 2: Mind, Language and Reality, Cambridge University Press; pages 215-271; DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511625251.014. · Official publisher chapter record with institutional access; bibliographic or sample-only without a subscription.WEB
  118. Open Library · Putnam · 1926–2016Reason, Truth and HistoryInternal realism, brains in vats and criticism of metaphysical realism.Work-level library catalogue record for Reason, truth, and history; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  119. Harvard University Press · John Rawls · 1921–2002A Theory of JusticeThe original position, two principles and justice as fairness.Revised edition, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, ISBN 9780674000780. · Publisher edition record and purchase route; no open full text is represented.WEB
  120. Open Library · John Rawls · 1921–2002Political LiberalismHow citizens with conflicting comprehensive doctrines might share a political conception of justice.Work-level library catalogue record for Political liberalism; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  121. Open Library · John Rawls · 1921–2002The Law of PeoplesAn extension of political liberalism to international relations.Work-level library catalogue record for The law of peoples; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  122. Open Library · Robert C. Solomon · 1942–2007The PassionsThe judgement-based theory of emotion and its relation to meaning and responsibility.Work-level library catalogue record for The passions; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  123. Open Library · Robert C. Solomon · 1942–2007Not Passion's SlaveEssays developing a philosophical account of emotion, rationality and character.Work-level library catalogue record for Not Passion's Slave; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  124. Oxford Academic · Robert C. Solomon · 1942–2007Spirituality for the Skeptic: The Thoughtful Love of LifeA secular account of spirituality through reflective passion, gratitude and engagement with life.Oxford University Press, 2002. · Publisher book record with online chapter access subject to purchase or subscription.WEB
  125. Open Library · Robert C. Solomon · 1942–2007Ethics and ExcellenceA virtue-centred approach to business ethics, corporate character and human practice.Work-level library catalogue record for Ethics and Excellence; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  126. Project Gutenberg · Jean-Jacques Rousseau · 1712–1778The Social ContractPolitical legitimacy, popular sovereignty, civic freedom and the general will.English translation by G. D. H. Cole, from the 1920 J. M. Dent Everyman's Library edition. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  127. Project Gutenberg · Jean-Jacques Rousseau · 1712–1778Discourse on the Origin and Foundations of InequalityPerfectibility, property, dependence and the social development of inequality.Historical English text titled A Discourse Upon the Origin and the Foundation of the Inequality Among Mankind. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  128. Project Gutenberg · Jean-Jacques Rousseau · 1712–1778EmileEducation, development, autonomy and the formation of citizens and gendered social roles.Historical English text in the Project Gutenberg catalogue edition; the catalogue does not identify a translator. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  129. Project Gutenberg · Bertrand Russell · 1872–1970The Problems of PhilosophyAppearance and reality, knowledge, universals and the value of philosophy.Original English text; Project Gutenberg catalogue edition. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  130. JSTOR · Bertrand Russell · 1872–1970On DenotingThe classic statement of the theory of descriptions.Mind, New Series, volume 14, number 56, October 1905, pages 479-493. · Stable journal record with institutional full-text access where available; bibliographic or preview-only otherwise.WEB
  131. Open Library · Bertrand Russell · 1872–1970Why I Am Not a ChristianPublic essays applying argument and criticism beyond technical philosophy.Work-level library catalogue record for Why I am not a Christian; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  132. Routledge · Ryle · 1900–1976The Concept of MindThe attack on Cartesian dualism and the analysis of mental concepts through conduct and dispositions.60th Anniversary Edition with commentary by Julia Tanney; Routledge eBook ISBN 9780203875858. · Publisher edition record and purchase or institutional-access route.WEB
  133. Open Library · Ryle · 1900–1976DilemmasStudies of philosophical conflicts produced by crossing different conceptual frameworks.Work-level library catalogue record for Dilemmas; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  134. JSTOR · Ryle · 1900–1976Knowing How and Knowing ThatAn influential distinction between intelligent performance and propositional knowledge.Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, New Series, volume 46, 1945-1946, pages 1-16. · Stable journal record with institutional full-text access where available; bibliographic or preview-only otherwise.WEB
  135. Open Library · Sartre · 1905–1980Being and NothingnessA phenomenological account of consciousness, freedom, bad faith and relations with others.Work-level library catalogue record for Being and Nothingness; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  136. Yale University Press · Sartre · 1905–1980Existentialism Is a HumanismA public defence of existential freedom, responsibility and value-making.English translation by Carol Macomber, with introduction by Annie Cohen-Solal and preface by Arlette Elkaïm-Sartre. · Publisher edition record, description and purchase route.WEB
  137. Open Library · Sartre · 1905–1980Critique of Dialectical ReasonAn attempt to connect existential agency with history, groups and material conditions.Work-level library catalogue record for Critique of Dialectical Reason; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  138. Cambridge Core · Searle · 1932–Minds, Brains, and ProgramsThe Chinese Room argument against strong artificial intelligence.Behavioral and Brain Sciences journal article, Cambridge University Press. · Official journal abstract and access route; full text may require an institution or purchase.WEB
  139. Open Library · Searle · 1932–IntentionalityA theory of how mental states are directed towards objects and conditions of satisfaction.Work-level library catalogue record for Intentionality; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  140. Open Library · Searle · 1932–The Rediscovery of the MindA defence of consciousness as an irreducible biological phenomenon.Work-level library catalogue record for The rediscovery of the mind; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  141. Open Library · Peter Singer · 1946–Animal LiberationA sustained challenge to speciesism and practices that inflict avoidable animal suffering.Work-level library catalogue record for Animal Liberation; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  142. JSTOR · Peter Singer · 1946–Famine, Affluence, and MoralityThe argument that affluent agents must prevent severe distant suffering when the cost is comparatively modest.Philosophy & Public Affairs, volume 1, number 3, Spring 1972, pages 229–243. · Stable journal record; full-text access may depend on an institution or personal account.WEB
  143. Open Library · Peter Singer · 1946–Practical EthicsApplied arguments across animals, aid, life and death, equality and responsibility.Work-level library catalogue record for Practical ethics; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  144. Project Gutenberg · Socrates · c. 470–399 BCEPlato's ApologyA literary presentation of Socrates' defence, mission and refusal to abandon examination.Plato's Apology in the English translation by Benjamin Jowett. · Socrates left no writings. Plato's dialogue is a primary ancient witness to his defence, not a work authored by Socrates; readable online with ebook downloads.WEB
  145. Project Gutenberg · Socrates · c. 470–399 BCEPlato's EuthyphroA Socratic examination of piety and whether goodness depends on divine approval.Plato's dialogue in the English translation by Benjamin Jowett; an ancient witness to Socrates rather than a work authored by him. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  146. Project Gutenberg · Socrates · c. 470–399 BCEXenophon's MemorabiliaA contrasting ancient portrait of Socrates' conversations and practical teaching.Xenophon's ancient witness to Socrates in the English translation by H. G. Dakyns; not a work authored by Socrates. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  147. Project Gutenberg · Spinoza · 1632–1677EthicsThe geometrical presentation of substance, mind, affects, bondage and human freedom.English translation by R. H. M. Elwes. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  148. Early Modern Texts · Spinoza · 1632–1677Theological-Political TreatiseBiblical criticism, freedom of thought and the political conditions of peace.Jonathan Bennett adaptation into contemporary English, titled Treatise on Theology and Politics and first launched by the repository in August 2007. · Direct free reading PDF; use the repository copy rather than mirroring it.WEB
  149. Early Modern Texts · Spinoza · 1632–1677Political TreatiseAn unfinished realist analysis of political institutions and collective power.Jonathan Bennett adaptation into contemporary English of the Political Treatise, dated 1675 in the repository catalogue. · Direct free reading PDF; use the repository copy rather than mirroring it.WEB
  150. Wiley Online Library / London Mathematical Society · Turing · 1912–1954On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the EntscheidungsproblemThe paper introducing the machine model now central to computability theory.Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, series 2, volume 42, issue 1, 1937, pages 230-265; DOI 10.1112/plms/s2-42.1.230. · Official journal record with full text subject to Wiley access terms.WEB
  151. Oxford Academic · Turing · 1912–1954Computing Machinery and IntelligenceThe imitation game, objections to machine intelligence and the possibility of learning machines.Mind, volume LIX, issue 236, October 1950, starting at page 433. · Official journal record with online article access subject to Oxford Academic terms.WEB
  152. The Turing Digital Archive, King's College Cambridge · Turing · 1912–1954Intelligent MachineryAn early report on machine learning, search and artificial intelligence.Turing's 1948 typescript report with autograph corrections, archive reference AMT/C/11. · Institutional catalogue record and digitised manuscript pages.WEB
  153. JSTOR · Walter Benjamin · 1892–1940The Work of Art in the Age of Its Technological ReproducibilityAura, mass media, perception and the politics of reproduced art.In The Work of Art in the Age of Its Technological Reproducibility, and Other Writings on Media, Belknap Press, 2008; edited by Michael W. Jennings, Brigid Doherty and Thomas Y. Levin, with named modern translators including Edmund Jephcott, Rodney Livingstone and Howard Eiland. · Stable book record and institutional ebook-access route.WEB
  154. Penguin Books UK · Walter Benjamin · 1892–1940On the Concept of HistoryFragments challenging historicism, progress and forgetfulness of the defeated.Contained as Theses on the Philosophy of History in Illuminations, Bodley Head paperback, 2015, ISBN 9781847923868. · Publisher bibliographic record and purchase route; no full text is claimed.WEB
  155. Google Books · Walter Benjamin · 1892–1940The Arcades ProjectAn unfinished montage of commodities, architecture, memory and modern urban life.Harvard University Press, 1999; edited by Rolf Tiedemann and translated by Howard Eiland and Kevin McLaughlin; ISBN 9780674043268. · Edition-specific bibliographic record with controlled preview; no downloadable full text is claimed.WEB
  156. Project Gutenberg · Wittgenstein · 1889–1951Tractatus Logico-PhilosophicusThe early picture theory of propositions and an attempt to mark the limits of meaningful language.English translation by C. K. Ogden. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  157. Open Library · Wittgenstein · 1889–1951Philosophical InvestigationsLanguage-games, rules, private language and philosophy as clarification.Work-level library catalogue record for Philosophical investigations; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  158. Open Library · Wittgenstein · 1889–1951On CertaintyNotes on hinge commitments, doubt and the background of inquiry.Work-level library catalogue record for On certainty =; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  159. Open Library · Wolf · 1952–Meaning in Life and Why It MattersThe account of fitting fulfilment and active engagement in projects of worth.Work-level library catalogue record for Meaning in life and why it matters; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  160. JSTOR · Wolf · 1952–Moral SaintsThe argument that maximal moral goodness need not produce the most admirable or desirable human life.The Journal of Philosophy, volume 79, number 8, August 1982, pages 419–439. · Stable journal record; full-text access may depend on an institution or personal account.WEB
  161. Open Library · Wolf · 1952–Freedom Within ReasonA reason-sensitive account of responsibility and freedom.Work-level library catalogue record for Freedom within reason; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  162. Project Gutenberg · Mary Wollstonecraft · 1759–1797A Vindication of the Rights of WomanEducation, rational equality, virtue, citizenship and the social production of dependence.Original English text in the Project Gutenberg catalogue edition. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  163. Project Gutenberg · Mary Wollstonecraft · 1759–1797A Vindication of the Rights of MenA republican critique of inherited privilege, hierarchy and Burke's political aesthetics.Original English text in the Project Gutenberg catalogue edition. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  164. Project Gutenberg · Mary Wollstonecraft · 1759–1797Letters Written During a Short Residence in Sweden, Norway, and DenmarkTravel writing that connects commerce, feeling, landscape, gender and political judgement.Original English text in the Project Gutenberg catalogue edition. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  165. Project Gutenberg · Zhuangzi · 4th century BCEZhuangziInner, Outer and Miscellaneous Chapters using parable, dialogue, humour and transformation.Herbert A. Giles translation, published under the title Chuang Tzu: Mystic, Moralist, and Social Reformer. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
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