BibbyPhilosophy

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Thinker shelf · 67 pictured routes

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G. E. M. Anscombe in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, holding a small cigar with one narrow muted-gold band while gesturing.
3 textsG. E. M. AnscombeIntention · Modern Moral Philosophy · War and MurderAgencyEthicsMind
Aquinas in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, holding a closed Bible with muted-gold page edges and cross.
3 textsAquinasSumma Theologiae · Summa Contra Gentiles · On Being and EssenceEthicsKnowledgeAgencyJustice
Hannah Arendt in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, speaking with one open hand and wearing a small muted-gold ring brooch.
3 textsHannah ArendtThe Human Condition · The Origins of Totalitarianism · Eichmann in JerusalemJusticeAgencyEthics
Aristotle examines a sprouting branch with calipers, marked by one restrained gold leaf vein.
3 textsAristotleNicomachean Ethics · Politics · MetaphysicsEthicsAgency
Augustine in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, opening one hand while wearing a muted-gold stole and cradling a closed book.
3 textsAugustineConfessions · City of God · On Free Choice of the WillEthicsAgencyMind
Simone de Beauvoir draws a single gold line outward with a fountain pen while raising her free hand in a measured gesture.
3 textsSimone de BeauvoirThe Ethics of Ambiguity · The Second Sex · Pyrrhus and CineasAgencyJusticeEthics
Cesare Beccaria in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, carrying a closed folio with one small muted-gold wax seal.
1 textCesare BeccariaOn Crimes and PunishmentsJusticeEthicsAgency
Walter Benjamin in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, holding a small muted-gold chess knight naturally in his open palm.
3 textsWalter BenjaminThe Work of Art in the Age of Its Technological Reproducibility · On the Concept of History · The Arcades ProjectKnowledgeJusticeAgency
Jeremy Bentham counts a compact abacus in which one muted-gold bead stands apart.
2 textsJeremy BenthamAn Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation · The Rationale of PunishmentEthicsJustice
Berkeley in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, gesturing in episcopal dress with one muted-gold ring.
3 textsGeorge BerkeleyThree Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous · A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human KnowledgeKnowledgeMind
Isaiah Berlin in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, gesturing precisely with a tiny muted-gold hedgehog brooch.
3 textsIsaiah BerlinTwo Concepts of Liberty · The Crooked Timber of Humanity · The Hedgehog and the FoxJusticeAgencyEthics
Camus in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, holding a small muted-gold cigarette close to his raised-collar coat.
3 textsCamusThe Myth of Sisyphus · The Rebel · The PlagueEthicsAgency
David Chalmers stands in a cool faceted grey jacket, carrying one muted-gold top-flip reporter's notebook low beside his hip.
4 textsChalmersThe Conscious Mind · Consciousness and Its Place in Nature · Facing Up to the Problem of Consciousness · Constructing the WorldMindKnowledge
Confucius in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, standing with folded hands above a muted-gold ritual sash clasp.
2 textsConfuciusAnalects · Book of RitesEthicsAgencyJustice
Descartes in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, holding a plumb line with a muted-gold plumb bob.
6 textsRené DescartesMeditations on First Philosophy · The Correspondence between Princess Elisabeth of Bohemia and René Descartes · Discourse on the Method · Principles of PhilosophyKnowledgeMind
Diogenes raises a lantern whose single muted-gold flame searches beyond polite appearances.
1 textDiogenes of SinopeAncient testimoniaEthicsAgencyJustice
W. E. B. Du Bois in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, standing in formal tailoring with round muted-gold spectacle frames.
3 textsW. E. B. Du BoisThe Souls of Black Folk · Black Reconstruction in America · Dusk of DawnJusticeKnowledgeMindAgency
Elisabeth of Bohemia stands in a dark faceted period dress, holding a letter closed with one restrained muted-gold seal.
1 textElisabeth of BohemiaThe Correspondence between Princess Elisabeth of Bohemia and René DescartesMindAgencyEthics
Epicurus in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, standing calmly with one small muted-gold fig held beside his hip.
3 textsEpicurusLetter to Menoeceus · Principal Doctrines · Letter to HerodotusEthicsAgencyKnowledge
Frantz Fanon in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, standing directly while carrying a compact radio with a muted-gold grille.
3 textsFrantz FanonBlack Skin, White Masks · The Wretched of the Earth · A Dying ColonialismJusticeMindAgency
Foot in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, cradling a small muted-gold toy steam train.
4 textsFootThe Problem of Abortion and the Doctrine of the Double Effect · Virtues and Vices · Natural Goodness · Moral BeliefsEthicsAgency
Michel Foucault in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, speaking with one open hand as a subtle muted-gold light plane catches his bald crown.
3 textsMichel FoucaultDiscipline and Punish · The History of Sexuality, Volume 1 · The Order of ThingsJusticeKnowledgeAgencyMind
Frankfurt in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, holding a compact muted-gold key across his open palm.
3 textsFrankfurtFreedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person · Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility · The Importance of What We Care AboutAgencyEthicsMind
Fricker in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, listening with one gently open hand and a small muted-gold hoop earring.
3 textsFrickerEpistemic Injustice · Epistemic Injustice and a Role for Virtue in the Politics of Knowing · What's the Point of Blame?KnowledgeJusticeEthics
Goldman in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, checking a wristwatch with a muted-gold case.
4 textsGoldmanA Causal Theory of Knowing · What Is Justified Belief? · Epistemology and Cognition · Knowledge in a Social WorldKnowledgeAgency
Hegel in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, opening one hand beneath a tiny muted-gold owl cravat pin.
4 textsHegelPhenomenology of Spirit · Science of Logic · Hegel's Philosophy of Mind · Elements of the Philosophy of RightAgencyMindJusticeKnowledge
Heidegger in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, carrying a carpenter's hammer with a muted-gold head low by his side.
3 textsHeideggerBeing and Time · The Question Concerning Technology · Letter on HumanismMindAgencyKnowledge
John Hick in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, speaking with one open hand and wearing a folded muted-gold pocket square.
3 textsJohn HickEvil and the God of Love · An Interpretation of Religion · Faith and KnowledgeEthicsKnowledgeAgency
Hobbes in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, gripping a compact muted-gold sceptre beneath a layered cloak.
3 textsHobbesLeviathan · De Cive · The Elements of LawJusticeAgencyMind
bell hooks in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, speaking with an open hand while wearing one long muted-gold necklace.
4 textsbell hooksAin't I a Woman · Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center · Teaching to Transgress · All About LoveJusticeEthicsAgencyKnowledge
Hume in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, holding a two-pronged muted-gold tuning fork.
4 textsDavid HumeAn Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding · A Treatise of Human Nature · An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of MoralsKnowledgeEthicsAgency
Irenaeus in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, carrying a dark sculptor's chisel with one narrow muted-gold collar.
2 textsIrenaeusAgainst Heresies · Demonstration of the Apostolic PreachingEthicsAgency
Kant in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, turning in a three-quarter pose with a muted-gold wig bow.
4 textsImmanuel KantGroundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals · Critique of Pure Reason · The Metaphysics of MoralsEthicsKnowledgeJustice
Soren Kierkegaard in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, walking with a cane whose curved handle is muted gold.
3 textsSoren KierkegaardEither/Or · Fear and Trembling · The Sickness Unto DeathAgencyEthicsMind
Locke in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, making the first mark on a blank slate with a small gold piece of chalk.
4 textsJohn LockeAn Essay Concerning Human Understanding · Two Treatises of Government · A Letter Concerning TolerationKnowledgeMindJustice
Mackie in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, turning one palm upward beneath a compact muted-gold bow tie.
3 textsMackieEthics: Inventing Right and Wrong · Evil and Omnipotence · The Miracle of TheismEthicsKnowledge
Karl Marx in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, holding a closed charcoal political pamphlet marked with a gold five-pointed star.
6 textsKarl MarxEconomic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 · Theses on Feuerbach · The German Ideology · Manifesto of the Communist Party · Capital, Volume I · Critique of the Gotha ProgrammeJusticeAgencyKnowledgeEthics
Mary Midgley in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, cradling a small muted-gold wire atlas in both hands.
4 textsMary MidgleyBeast and Man · Animals and Why They Matter · Evolution as a Religion · WickednessEthicsMindAgencyKnowledge
John Stuart Mill opens a book as one muted-gold line escapes its uniform margin.
3 textsJohn Stuart MillOn Liberty · Utilitarianism · The Subjection of WomenEthicsJusticeAgency
Iris Murdoch in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, holding a closed book marked by a simple muted-gold bell.
3 textsIris MurdochThe Sovereignty of Good · Existentialists and Mystics · Metaphysics as a Guide to MoralsEthicsMindAgency
Nagel in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, looking upward with a small muted-gold bat brooch.
3 textsNagelWhat Is It Like to Be a Bat? · The View from Nowhere · Mortal QuestionsMindKnowledgeEthics
Friedrich Nietzsche tests a cracked tablet with a hammer and one muted-gold fracture line.
3 textsFriedrich NietzscheOn the Genealogy of Morality · Beyond Good and Evil · The Gay ScienceEthicsAgency
Robert Nozick transfers one token between open hands along a single muted-gold path.
2 textsRobert NozickAnarchy, State, and Utopia · Philosophical ExplanationsJusticeAgency
Martha Nussbaum opens her hands across one muted-gold threshold, without an enclosing frame.
3 textsMartha NussbaumWomen and Human Development · Creating Capabilities · Frontiers of JusticeJusticeEthics
William Paley in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, steadying a muted-gold pocket watch beneath a dark tricorne with muted-gold edging.
3 textsWilliam PaleyNatural Theology · The Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy · Horae PaulinaeKnowledgeEthics
Parfit in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, carrying a muted-gold rangefinder camera low at his hip.
3 textsParfitReasons and Persons · On What Matters · Personal IdentityMindEthicsAgencyJustice
Alvin Plantinga in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, smiling and gesturing while wearing thin muted-gold spectacle frames.
4 textsAlvin PlantingaGod, Freedom, and Evil · The Nature of Necessity · Warranted Christian Belief · Warrant and Proper FunctionKnowledgeEthicsAgency
Plato in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, pointing upward and holding a closed book with a muted-gold spine.
4 textsPlatoMeno · Republic · SymposiumKnowledgeEthicsJustice
Putnam in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, carrying a muted-gold tumbler filled with visibly neutral water.
3 textsPutnamThe Nature of Mental States · The Meaning of 'Meaning' · Reason, Truth and HistoryMindKnowledge
John Rawls arranges covered tokens behind a neutral screen with one muted-gold edge.
3 textsJohn RawlsA Theory of Justice · Political Liberalism · The Law of PeoplesJusticeEthics
Jean-Jacques Rousseau in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, supporting a compact muted-gold botanical sprig on his open palm.
3 textsJean-Jacques RousseauThe Social Contract · Discourse on the Origin and Foundations of Inequality · EmileJusticeAgencyEthics
Russell in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, standing naturally with a bent muted-gold pipe.
4 textsBertrand RussellThe Problems of Philosophy · On Denoting · Why I Am Not a ChristianKnowledgeAgency
Ryle in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, holding a long muted-gold drafting compass securely beside his hip.
3 textsRyleThe Concept of Mind · Dilemmas · Knowing How and Knowing ThatMindKnowledgeAgency
Sartre in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, holding a small muted-gold cup of coffee.
3 textsSartreBeing and Nothingness · Existentialism Is a Humanism · Critique of Dialectical ReasonAgencyMindEthics
Searle in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, holding a muted-gold card marked with the dark Chinese character for heart-mind.
3 textsSearleMinds, Brains, and Programs · Intentionality · The Rediscovery of the MindMindAgencyKnowledge
Peter Singer places equal tokens near and far along one continuous muted-gold line.
3 textsPeter SingerAnimal Liberation · Famine, Affluence, and Morality · Practical EthicsEthicsJustice
Smart in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, standing informally with a small muted-gold lightning-bolt pin.
3 textsSmartSensations and Brain Processes · Philosophy and Scientific Realism · Utilitarianism: For and AgainstMindEthicsKnowledge
Socrates in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, gesturing through an argument while holding a shallow muted-gold hemlock cup.
3 textsSocratesPlato's Apology · Plato's Euthyphro · Xenophon's MemorabiliaEthicsKnowledgeAgency
Robert C. Solomon in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, teaching with two lively gestures and one muted-gold cufflink.
4 textsRobert C. SolomonThe Passions · Not Passion's Slave · Spirituality for the Skeptic: The Thoughtful Love of Life · Ethics and ExcellenceMindEthicsAgency
Ernest Sosa in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, holding an arrow low with its fletching rendered muted gold.
4 textsErnest SosaKnowledge in Perspective · Apt Belief and Reflective Knowledge · Knowing Full Well · Judgment and AgencyKnowledgeAgency
Spinoza in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, holding a clear optical lens by its thin muted-gold rim.
3 textsSpinozaEthics · Theological-Political Treatise · Political TreatiseAgencyMindEthicsKnowledge
Richard Swinburne in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, explaining with one open hand while wearing a narrow muted-gold tie.
4 textsRichard SwinburneThe Existence of God · The Coherence of Theism · Providence and the Problem of Evil · Mind, Brain, and Free WillKnowledgeMindEthics
Turing in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, wearing a punched muted-gold data card in his breast pocket.
3 textsTuringOn Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem · Computing Machinery and Intelligence · Intelligent MachineryMindKnowledgeAgency
Wittgenstein in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, gripping a long muted-gold fireplace poker.
3 textsWittgensteinTractatus Logico-Philosophicus · Philosophical Investigations · On CertaintyKnowledgeMind
Wolf in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, holding a small muted-gold tuning fork.
3 textsWolfMeaning in Life and Why It Matters · Moral Saints · Freedom Within ReasonEthicsAgency
Mary Wollstonecraft in a shaded warm-grey editorial portrait, holding a small muted-gold polling card while gesturing outward.
3 textsMary WollstonecraftA Vindication of the Rights of Woman · A Vindication of the Rights of Men · Letters Written During a Short Residence in Sweden, Norway, and DenmarkJusticeAgencyEthics
Zhuangzi watches a butterfly rest above his open hand, with one muted-gold wing detail.
1 textZhuangziZhuangziKnowledgeMindAgency

Primary-text shelves

Texts by thinker

3 texts

G. E. M. Anscombe

  1. WorldCat · G. E. M. Anscombe · 1919–2001IntentionThe landmark analysis of intentional action, practical knowledge and reasons.WorldCat record for the 2000 Harvard University Press paperback edition of Anscombe's 1957 monograph. · Bibliographic and library-location record only; availability depends on the holding library.WEB
  2. Cambridge Core · G. E. M. Anscombe · 1919–2001Modern Moral PhilosophyA critique of consequentialism, moral obligation and the state of moral psychology.Philosophy, volume 33, issue 124, January 1958. · Official Cambridge Core article page with full-text access where made available under the publisher's terms.WEB
  3. PhilArchive · G. E. M. Anscombe · 1919–2001War and MurderAn argument about intention, civilian killing and the moral corruption of consequentialist reasoning.Full-text copy of the essay first published in Nuclear Weapons: A Catholic Response (1961), supplied through the PhilPapers/PhilArchive research index. · Free full-text PDF; automated clients may encounter an anti-bot response, but the document is indexed and readable through the repository.WEB

3 texts

Aquinas

  1. New Advent · Aquinas · c. 1225–1274Summa TheologiaeA systematic treatment of God, human action, law, virtue and Christian doctrine.English Dominican Province translation, second revised edition, 1920; online edition presented by New Advent. · Free article-by-article HTML text.WEB
  2. Christian Classics Ethereal Library · Aquinas · c. 1225–1274Summa Contra GentilesArguments concerning God, creation, providence and rationally accessible theology.Joseph Rickaby translation and annotations, published online under the title Of God and His Creatures. · Free readable HTML with PDF, EPUB and other download options supplied by CCEL.WEB
  3. Iowa Research Online · Aquinas · c. 1225–1274On Being and EssenceA concise metaphysical analysis of essence, existence and created being.University of Iowa repository record for Robert T. Miller's English translation in Selected Writings of St. Thomas Aquinas (Fordham University Press, 1997). · Institutional bibliographic record with an external open-access link; access to the linked text may depend on the destination site.WEB

3 texts

Hannah Arendt

  1. University of Chicago Press · Hannah Arendt · 1906–1975The Human ConditionLabour, work, action, plurality, natality and the public world.Second edition with introduction by Margaret Canovan; 2018 edition includes a foreword by Danielle Allen. · Publisher edition record, description and purchase links.WEB
  2. Penguin Books UK · Hannah Arendt · 1906–1975The Origins of TotalitarianismAntisemitism, imperialism, statelessness and totalitarian domination.Penguin Modern Classics publisher record for the 2017 paperback edition, ISBN 9780241316757. · Publisher description and bibliographic record with purchase options; not a complete online text.WEB
  3. Penguin Books UK · Hannah Arendt · 1906–1975Eichmann in JerusalemA report on judgement, responsibility and the banality of evil.Penguin Classics publisher record for the ebook edition, ISBN 9780141931593. · Publisher description and bibliographic record with purchase options; not a complete online text.WEB

3 texts

Aristotle

  1. Project Gutenberg · Aristotle · 384–322 BCENicomachean EthicsVirtue, practical wisdom, friendship and human flourishing.English translation by D. P. Chase, with an introduction by J. A. Smith. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  2. Project Gutenberg · Aristotle · 384–322 BCEPoliticsThe relation between forms of government, citizenship and living well together.William Ellis translation, catalogued as Politics: A Treatise on Government. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  3. MIT Internet Classics Archive · Aristotle · 384–322 BCEMetaphysicsBeing, substance, explanation and first principles.W. D. Ross translation presented by the MIT Internet Classics Archive. · Free full-text HTML with a plain-text download offered by the archive.WEB

3 texts

Augustine

  1. Project Gutenberg · Augustine · 354–430ConfessionsAn inquiry into memory, desire, time, conversion and the divided will.English translation by E. B. Pusey. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  2. Christian Classics Ethereal Library · Augustine · 354–430City of GodHistory, political order, earthly peace and the contrast between rival orientations of love.City of God in volume 2 of the first series of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, in a historical English translation. · Free readable HTML with PDF, EPUB and other download options supplied by CCEL.WEB
  3. Cambridge Core · Augustine · 354–430On Free Choice of the WillFree will, moral evil, divine justice and the source of wrongdoing.Cambridge Core chapter record for Peter King's translation in Augustine: On the Free Choice of the Will, On Grace and Free Choice, and Other Writings (2010). · Publisher abstract and bibliographic record; complete access may require purchase or an institutional subscription.WEB

3 texts

Simone de Beauvoir

  1. Open Library · Simone de Beauvoir · 1908–1986The Ethics of AmbiguityFreedom, responsibility, oppression and ethical commitment without final certainty.Open Library record for the 1994 Citadel Press edition translated by Bernard Frechtman. · Bibliographic, locate and controlled-borrowing record; availability and preview scope can vary and this is not an unrestricted full-text edition.WEB
  2. Penguin Random House · Simone de Beauvoir · 1908–1986The Second SexA philosophical, historical and social analysis of woman as Other and identity as becoming.Complete unabridged English translation by Constance Borde and Sheila Malovany-Chevallier; 2011 Vintage edition. · Publisher record with Look Inside sample and purchase options.WEB
  3. University of Illinois Press · Simone de Beauvoir · 1908–1986Pyrrhus and CineasAction, projects and the relation between one's freedom and other people.Publisher record for Philosophical Writings (2005), a scholarly English collection that includes Pyrrhus and Cineas. · Bibliographic publisher record with purchase information; not a complete online text of the essay.WEB

1 text

Cesare Beccaria

  1. Project Gutenberg · Cesare Beccaria · 1738–1794On Crimes and PunishmentsThe case for legal certainty, proportionality, prevention and reform of torture and capital punishment.Contained in James Anson Farrer's Crimes and Punishments (1880), which presents a new English translation of Beccaria's text with commentary. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page; the container volume and translator are identified explicitly.WEB

3 texts

Walter Benjamin

  1. JSTOR · Walter Benjamin · 1892–1940The Work of Art in the Age of Its Technological ReproducibilityAura, mass media, perception and the politics of reproduced art.In The Work of Art in the Age of Its Technological Reproducibility, and Other Writings on Media, Belknap Press, 2008; edited by Michael W. Jennings, Brigid Doherty and Thomas Y. Levin, with named modern translators including Edmund Jephcott, Rodney Livingstone and Howard Eiland. · Stable book record and institutional ebook-access route.WEB
  2. Penguin Books UK · Walter Benjamin · 1892–1940On the Concept of HistoryFragments challenging historicism, progress and forgetfulness of the defeated.Contained as Theses on the Philosophy of History in Illuminations, Bodley Head paperback, 2015, ISBN 9781847923868. · Publisher bibliographic record and purchase route; no full text is claimed.WEB
  3. Google Books · Walter Benjamin · 1892–1940The Arcades ProjectAn unfinished montage of commodities, architecture, memory and modern urban life.Harvard University Press, 1999; edited by Rolf Tiedemann and translated by Howard Eiland and Kevin McLaughlin; ISBN 9780674043268. · Edition-specific bibliographic record with controlled preview; no downloadable full text is claimed.WEB

2 texts

Jeremy Bentham

  1. University of Texas at Austin, Political Theory · Jeremy Bentham · 1748–1832An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and LegislationUtility, motivation, punishment and legislative judgement.Web transcription of the 1907 Oxford reprint of Bentham's 1823 author-corrected edition; notes by Paul Lyon. · Free chapter-by-chapter HTML text.WEB
  2. Google Books · Jeremy Bentham · 1748–1832The Rationale of PunishmentA forward-looking account of when penal harm could be justified.Digitised record of the 1830 Robert Heward edition, edited and translated from Bentham's manuscripts by Richard Smith. · Bibliographic record with page viewing or preview subject to Google Books availability controls.WEB

3 texts

George Berkeley

  1. Epistemology · George Berkeley · 1713Three Dialogues between Hylas and PhilonousPerception, idealism and the challenge to material substance.PDF
  2. Project Gutenberg · George Berkeley · 1685–1753A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human KnowledgeThe principal statement of immaterialism.Project Gutenberg edition of Berkeley's English text. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  3. Project Gutenberg · George Berkeley · 1685–1753Three Dialogues between Hylas and PhilonousA staged defence of idealism against materialist objections.Original English text; Project Gutenberg catalogue edition. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB

3 texts

Isaiah Berlin

  1. The Isaiah Berlin Virtual Library, Wolfson College Oxford · Isaiah Berlin · 1909–1997Two Concepts of LibertyThe distinction between negative and positive liberty and warnings about coercive self-mastery.Authorised archive presentation of Berlin's 1958 inaugural lecture, with an editorial introduction and PDF access. · Free authorised online archive and downloadable PDF.WEB
  2. Penguin UK · Isaiah Berlin · 1909–1997The Crooked Timber of HumanityEssays on value conflict, nationalism, utopianism and the history of ideas.Vintage Digital revised edition, published 30 June 2012, ISBN 9781446496961; edited by Henry Hardy, with a new foreword by John Banville and a new appendix. · Official publisher record with edition description and purchase routes; it is not a downloadable full text.WEB
  3. Hachette UK · Isaiah Berlin · 1909–1997The Hedgehog and the FoxA study of Tolstoy framed by the contrast between one organising vision and many irreducible insights.W&N Essentials paperback, published 28 April 2022, ISBN 9781474619707; with a foreword by Michael Ignatieff. · Official publisher record with a Read Excerpt control and purchase routes.WEB

3 texts

Camus

  1. Penguin Books UK · Camus · 1913–1960The Myth of SisyphusThe philosophical essay on absurdity, suicide, lucidity and revolt.English translation by Justin O'Brien, with an introduction by James Wood; Penguin Modern Classics ebook. · Publisher edition record, sample where available, and purchase route.WEB
  2. Penguin Books UK · Camus · 1913–1960The RebelA study of rebellion, revolution, murder and the need for limits.Penguin Modern Classics publisher record for Anthony Bower's English translation, ISBN 9780141182018. · Publisher description and bibliographic record with purchase options; not a complete online text.WEB
  3. Penguin Books UK · Camus · 1913–1960The PlagueA novel testing solidarity, suffering and ordinary resistance to catastrophe.Penguin Classics publisher record for Robin Buss's English translation, ISBN 9780241458877. · Publisher description and bibliographic record with purchase options; not a complete online text.WEB

4 texts

Chalmers

  1. David Chalmers · Chalmers · 1966–The Conscious MindA systematic argument against reductive materialism and for a fundamental theory of consciousness.Author-maintained page for the 1996 Oxford University Press book, with contents and selected supporting material. · Official author page with bibliographic information and selected extracts or supporting material; not the complete book.WEB
  2. David Chalmers's author website · Chalmers · 1966–Consciousness and Its Place in NatureA map of materialist and anti-materialist positions on consciousness, including the route to naturalistic dualism.Author-hosted HTML of the chapter published in The Blackwell Guide to Philosophy of Mind, edited by Stephen Stich and Fritz Warfield, 2003. · Free full text hosted by the author.WEB
  3. David Chalmers · Chalmers · 1966–Facing Up to the Problem of ConsciousnessThe influential distinction between easy problems and the hard problem.Author-hosted version of the article published in Journal of Consciousness Studies 2(3), 1995. · Free full-text HTML with a PDF link on the author's official site.WEB
  4. David Chalmers · Chalmers · 1966–Constructing the WorldA defence of scrutability and a framework connecting epistemic and modal structure.Author-maintained page for the 2012 Oxford University Press book, with extended contents and selected manuscript material. · Official author page with bibliographic information and selected supporting material; not the complete book.WEB

2 texts

Confucius

  1. Project Gutenberg · Confucius · 551–479 BCEAnalectsConversations and sayings on learning, ritual, virtue, government and exemplary conduct.English translation by James Legge. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  2. Internet Sacred Text Archive · Confucius · 551–479 BCEBook of RitesA later ritual classic that preserves traditions central to the Confucian account of social formation.James Legge's historical English translation of the Li Ki (Book of Rites). · Free full-text HTML organised by book and section.WEB

6 texts

René Descartes

  1. Epistemology · René Descartes · 1641Meditations on First PhilosophyMeditations I, II, III, V and VI: doubt, certainty, God and the external world.PDF
  2. Metaphysics of Mind · René Descartes · 1641Meditations on First PhilosophyMeditation VI: the real distinction between mind and body and the conceivability argument for substance dualism.PDF
  3. Metaphysics of Mind · Princess Elisabeth of Bohemia and René Descartes · 1643–1649/2007The Correspondence between Princess Elisabeth of Bohemia and René DescartesThe letters from May 1643: Elisabeth's challenge to causal interaction between an immaterial mind and a physical body.PDF
  4. Early Modern Texts · René Descartes · 1596–1650Discourse on the MethodA concise account of intellectual method and the project of rebuilding knowledge.Jonathan Bennett adaptation into contemporary English, supplied from the Descartes author page. · Free PDF of the modern-English adaptation hosted by Early Modern Texts.WEB
  5. Early Modern Texts · René Descartes · 1596–1650Meditations on First PhilosophyDoubt, the cogito, God, mind, body and the external world.Jonathan Bennett adaptation into contemporary English; the author page provides the Meditations in web, PDF and ebook formats. · Free readable and downloadable modern-English adaptation.WEB
  6. Early Modern Texts · René Descartes · 1596–1650Principles of PhilosophyA systematic presentation of metaphysics and natural philosophy.Jonathan Bennett adaptation into contemporary English, supplied from the Descartes author page. · Free PDF of the modern-English adaptation hosted by Early Modern Texts.WEB

1 text

Diogenes of Sinope

  1. Perseus Digital Library · Diogenes of Sinope · c. 404–323 BCEAncient testimoniaDiogenes left no secure surviving body of writing; his philosophy is reconstructed from later reports and Cynic practice.Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers, English translation by R. D. Hicks, Loeb Classical Library edition. · No writings by Diogenes of Sinope survive. This is a primary ancient testimony about his life and teachings, not a work authored by him.WEB

3 texts

W. E. B. Du Bois

  1. Project Gutenberg · W. E. B. Du Bois · 1868–1963The Souls of Black FolkThe colour line, the veil, double consciousness, education and Black life after emancipation.Original English text in the Project Gutenberg catalogue edition. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  2. Simon & Schuster · W. E. B. Du Bois · 1868–1963Black Reconstruction in AmericaA revisionary history of slavery, labour, democracy and Reconstruction.Publisher record for the Free Press edition, with an introduction by David Levering Lewis, ISBN 9780684856575. · Publisher description and bibliographic record with purchase options; not a complete online text.WEB
  3. Open Library · W. E. B. Du Bois · 1868–1963Dusk of DawnAn autobiographical and sociological account of the changing concept of race.Open Library record for an Oxford W. E. B. Du Bois edition of Dusk of Dawn. · Bibliographic and library-location record only; preview or controlled-borrowing availability can vary.WEB

1 text

Elisabeth of Bohemia

  1. Early Modern Texts · Elisabeth of Bohemia · 1618–1680The Correspondence between Princess Elisabeth of Bohemia and René DescartesLetters on mind-body interaction, emotion, virtue, freedom and political life.Jonathan Bennett adaptation into contemporary English; the author page lists the 1643–1649 correspondence. · Free readable and downloadable modern-English adaptation.WEB

3 texts

Epicurus

  1. Perseus Digital Library · Epicurus · 341–270 BCELetter to MenoeceusA concise statement of pleasure, desire, death, prudence and the good life.Preserved in Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers, Book X; English translation by R. D. Hicks. · Free readable HTML of Book X, including Epicurus's letter.WEB
  2. MIT Internet Classics Archive · Epicurus · 341–270 BCEPrincipal DoctrinesShort teachings on pleasure, justice, friendship, knowledge and freedom from fear.R. D. Hicks's historical English translation of Epicurus's forty Principal Doctrines. · Free full-text HTML with a plain-text download offered by the archive.WEB
  3. Wikisource · Epicurus · 341–270 BCELetter to HerodotusAn outline of atomist physics intended to remove superstition and cosmic fear.R. D. Hicks's 1925 English translation from Diogenes Laertius, Lives of the Eminent Philosophers. · Free full-text HTML with PDF and EPUB exports supplied by Wikisource.WEB

3 texts

Frantz Fanon

  1. Penguin Books UK · Frantz Fanon · 1925–1961Black Skin, White MasksLanguage, embodiment, recognition and the lived psychology of racialisation.English translation by Richard Philcox; 2021 Penguin Modern Classics edition. · Publisher edition record, sample where available, and purchase route.WEB
  2. Penguin Books UK · Frantz Fanon · 1925–1961The Wretched of the EarthColonial violence, national consciousness, culture and decolonisation.Penguin Modern Classics publisher record for Constance Farrington's English translation, ISBN 9780141186542. · Publisher description and bibliographic record with purchase options; not a complete online text.WEB
  3. Grove Atlantic · Frantz Fanon · 1925–1961A Dying ColonialismTransformations in everyday life and institutions during the Algerian revolution.Official publisher record for Haakon Chevalier's English translation, ISBN 9780802150271. · Publisher description and bibliographic record with purchase options; not a complete online text.WEB

4 texts

Foot

  1. PhilPapers · Foot · 1920–2010The Problem of Abortion and the Doctrine of the Double EffectThe paper that introduces the trolley comparison while testing intention, side effects and duties not to harm.Oxford Review, number 5, 1967, pages 5–15; the repository PDF notes its later inclusion in Virtues and Vices and identifies minor stylistic amendments. · Direct full-text PDF from the PhilPapers archive.WEB
  2. Oxford Academic · Foot · 1920–2010Virtues and VicesEssays on virtue, moral reasons, abortion, euthanasia and the trolley comparison.Oxford Academic record for the second edition of the essay collection, published by Oxford University Press in 2002. · Publisher record, contents and chapter abstracts; complete access may require purchase or an institutional subscription.WEB
  3. Oxford Academic · Foot · 1920–2010Natural GoodnessA mature account connecting moral evaluation with life-form judgements.Oxford Academic record for the Oxford University Press monograph published in 2001. · Publisher record, contents and chapter abstracts; complete access may require purchase or an institutional subscription.WEB
  4. Oxford Academic · Foot · 1920–2010Moral BeliefsAn influential challenge to the view that moral judgements merely express attitudes.Official Oxford Academic chapter record for Moral Beliefs in the 2002 second edition of Virtues and Vices; first published in Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 59 (1959). · Publisher abstract and bibliographic record; complete access may require purchase or an institutional subscription.WEB

3 texts

Michel Foucault

  1. Penguin Books UK · Michel Foucault · 1926–1984Discipline and PunishThe prison, surveillance, examination and the production of disciplined bodies.English translation by Alan Sheridan; 2020 Penguin Modern Classics edition. · Publisher edition record, Look Inside sample where available, and purchase route.WEB
  2. Penguin Books UK · Michel Foucault · 1926–1984The History of Sexuality, Volume 1Power, discourse, confession, sexuality and biopolitics.Penguin Classics publisher record for volume 1, The Will to Knowledge, in Robert Hurley's English translation, ISBN 9780141991344. · Publisher description and bibliographic record with purchase options; not a complete online text.WEB
  3. Routledge · Michel Foucault · 1926–1984The Order of ThingsHistorical changes in the conditions organising knowledge in the human sciences.Routledge publisher record for the second English-language edition, ISBN 9780415267373. · Publisher description and bibliographic record with purchase options; not a complete online text.WEB

3 texts

Frankfurt

  1. JSTOR · Frankfurt · 1929–2023Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a PersonThe hierarchy of desires, personhood and freedom of the will.Stable journal record for The Journal of Philosophy 68(1), 14 January 1971, pages 5-20. · Bibliographic record and platform preview; complete access may require an account or institutional subscription.WEB
  2. JSTOR · Frankfurt · 1929–2023Alternate Possibilities and Moral ResponsibilityCounterexamples to the claim that responsibility requires the ability to do otherwise.The Journal of Philosophy, volume 66, number 23, 1969, pages 829–839. · Stable journal record; full-text access may depend on an institution or personal account.WEB
  3. Cambridge Core · Frankfurt · 1929–2023The Importance of What We Care AboutEssays on care, necessity, identification and the structure of agency.Official Cambridge Core chapter record for the title essay in The Importance of What We Care About (1988), pages 80-94. · Publisher abstract and bibliographic record; complete access may require purchase or an institutional subscription.WEB

3 texts

Fricker

  1. Oxford Academic · Fricker · 1966–Epistemic InjusticeThe foundational account of testimonial and hermeneutical injustice.Oxford University Press, 2007; print ISBN 9780198237907. · Publisher book record with online chapter access subject to subscription or purchase.WEB
  2. Wiley Online Library · Fricker · 1966–Epistemic Injustice and a Role for Virtue in the Politics of KnowingA concise statement of power, credibility and corrective epistemic virtue.Published on Wiley under the title Epistemic Justice and a Role for Virtue in the Politics of Knowing, Metaphilosophy 34 (1–2), 2003, pp. 154–173, DOI 10.1111/1467-9973.00266. · Official journal record with abstract and access options; the supplied work title is retained, but the publisher's title differs by Injustice/Justice.WEB
  3. Wiley Online Library · Fricker · 1966–What's the Point of Blame?An account of blame as a communicative and moral practice rather than mere hostile reaction.Published as What's the Point of Blame? A Paradigm Based Explanation, Noûs 50 (1), 2016, pp. 165–183; first published online 15 May 2014, DOI 10.1111/nous.12067. · Official journal record with abstract and access options; the supplied short title is retained for profile matching.WEB

4 texts

Goldman

  1. JSTOR · Goldman · 1938–2024A Causal Theory of KnowingAn early externalist proposal linking knowledge to an appropriate causal chain.The Journal of Philosophy 64 (12), 22 June 1967, pp. 357–372; stable JSTOR record 2024268. · Stable journal record with institutional or personal access options and any preview JSTOR makes available.WEB
  2. SpringerLink · Goldman · 1938–2024What Is Justified Belief?The paper that formulates process reliabilism as an account of epistemic justification.Chapter 1, pages 1–23, in George S. Pappas, editor, Justification and Knowledge, originally published 1979. · Official publisher abstract and chapter access; download may require an institution or purchase.WEB
  3. Google Books · Goldman · 1938–2024Epistemology and CognitionThe major development of process reliabilism and naturalistic epistemology.Harvard University Press, 1986, 437 pages; edition-specific Google Books bibliographic record. · Controlled Google Books record with bibliographic information, library and seller routes, and only the preview permitted for the user's region.WEB
  4. Oxford Academic · Goldman · 1938–2024Knowledge in a Social WorldA veritistic framework for evaluating testimony, institutions and public knowledge practices.Oxford University Press, published 14 January 1999; print ISBN 9780198238201, online ISBN 9780191597527, DOI 10.1093/0198238207.001.0001. · Official book record with abstract, contents and institutional access routes.WEB

4 texts

Hegel

  1. Cambridge Core · Hegel · 1770–1831Phenomenology of SpiritThe development of consciousness through certainty, recognition, culture, religion and absolute knowing.Translated by Terry Pinkard and edited by Michael Baur, Cambridge University Press, 2018; DOI 10.1017/9781139050494. · Official edition record with contents, preview material and institutional access options.WEB
  2. Cambridge Core · Hegel · 1770–1831Science of LogicThe self-development of fundamental categories of thought and being.Translated and edited by George di Giovanni, Cambridge University Press, print publication 2010; DOI 10.1017/9780511780240. · Official edition record with contents, preview material and institutional access options.WEB
  3. Project Gutenberg · Hegel · 1770–1831Hegel's Philosophy of MindThe subjective, objective and absolute forms of spirit in the third part of the Encyclopaedia.English translation by William Wallace. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  4. Cambridge Aspire · Hegel · 1770–1831Elements of the Philosophy of RightFreedom embodied in property, morality, family, civil society and the state.Edited by Allen W. Wood and translated by H. B. Nisbet, Cambridge University Press, 1991; DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511808012. · Official edition record with description and purchase or institutional access routes.WEB

3 texts

Heidegger

  1. SUNY Press · Heidegger · 1889–1976Being and TimeDasein, worldhood, care, temporality, authenticity and the question of Being.English translation by Joan Stambaugh, revised by Dennis J. Schmidt; 2010 revised edition. · Publisher edition record and purchase route.WEB
  2. Google Books · Heidegger · 1889–1976The Question Concerning TechnologyTechnology as a mode of revealing that orders beings as standing reserve.In The Question Concerning Technology, and Other Essays, translated with an introduction by William Lovitt; Harper Collins reprint, 1982, pp. 3–35, ISBN 9780061319693. · Controlled Google Books preview of the publisher edition, with the essay identified in the contents; availability may vary by region.WEB
  3. Cambridge Core · Heidegger · 1889–1976Letter on HumanismA clarification of Being, humanism, language and the relation to existentialism.Letter on ‘Humanism’ (1946), translated by Frank A. Capuzzi, in Pathmarks, edited by William McNeill, Cambridge University Press, 1998, pp. 239–276; book DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511812637. · Official book contents record identifies the essay and offers a publisher extract plus institutional access options.WEB

3 texts

John Hick

  1. SpringerLink / Palgrave Macmillan · John Hick · 1922–2012Evil and the God of LoveThe major contrast between Augustinian and soul-making approaches to evil.Palgrave Macmillan electronic edition, 2010. · Publisher book record, preview and institutional or purchase access.WEB
  2. Springer Nature Link · John Hick · 1922–2012An Interpretation of ReligionThe pluralist hypothesis of culturally shaped responses to the transcendent Real.An Interpretation of Religion: Human Responses to the Transcendent, second edition, Palgrave Macmillan, 2004; ebook ISBN 9780230510678, DOI 10.1057/9780230510678. · Official book record with contents, chapter previews where offered, and institutional access options.WEB
  3. Wipf and Stock Publishers · John Hick · 1922–2012Faith and KnowledgeReligious experience, faith as interpretation and the epistemology of belief.Faith and Knowledge: A Modern Introduction to the Problem of Religious Knowledge, second edition; Wipf and Stock reissue, 2009, 278 pages, paperback ISBN 9781606086964. · Official publisher record with description and purchase routes; it is not a downloadable full text.WEB

3 texts

Hobbes

  1. Project Gutenberg · Hobbes · 1588–1679LeviathanA systematic account of human motivation, covenant, sovereignty, law and religion.Original English text in the Project Gutenberg catalogue edition. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  2. Cambridge Aspire · Hobbes · 1588–1679De CiveAn earlier presentation of political obligation, civil power and the conditions of peace.Published as Hobbes: On the Citizen, edited by Richard Tuck and translated by Michael Silverthorne, Cambridge University Press, 1998; DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511808173. · Official publisher record for the complete modern English edition with institutional access and purchase routes.WEB
  3. Routledge · Hobbes · 1588–1679The Elements of LawEarly arguments about human nature, bodies politic and sovereign authority.The Elements of Law Natural and Politic, edited by Ferdinand Tönnies; Routledge edition based on the 1889 critical edition, 272 pages, ISBN 9780367142148. · Official publisher edition record with description, contents and purchase or ebook access routes.WEB

4 texts

bell hooks

  1. Routledge · bell hooks · 1952–2021Ain't I a WomanBlack women's history, racism in feminism and sexism within anti-racist struggle.Routledge publisher record for the second edition, ISBN 9781138821514. · Publisher description and bibliographic record with purchase options; not a complete online text.WEB
  2. Routledge · bell hooks · 1952–2021Feminist Theory: From Margin to CenterA reconstruction of feminism as a mass movement against interlocking domination.Routledge publisher record for the third edition, ISBN 9781138821668. · Publisher description and bibliographic record with purchase options; not a complete online text.WEB
  3. Routledge · bell hooks · 1952–2021Teaching to TransgressEngaged pedagogy, voice, authority and education as a practice of freedom.First edition, Routledge, 1994, ISBN 9780415908085. · Publisher edition record and purchase or institutional-access route.WEB
  4. WorldCat · bell hooks · 1952–2021All About LoveA love ethic grounded in practice, responsibility and resistance to domination.WorldCat record for the William Morrow paperback edition of All About Love: New Visions. · Bibliographic and library-location record only; availability depends on the holding library.WEB

4 texts

David Hume

  1. Epistemology · David Hume · 1748An Enquiry Concerning Human UnderstandingSections 2 and 4 (part 1): impressions, ideas and relations of ideas versus matters of fact.PDF
  2. Project Gutenberg · David Hume · 1711–1776An Enquiry Concerning Human UnderstandingCausation, induction, scepticism, freedom and testimony.Project Gutenberg transcription of an English public-domain edition; no translator is involved and the catalogue does not identify an editor. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  3. Project Gutenberg · David Hume · 1711–1776A Treatise of Human NatureA systematic science of human understanding, passion and morals.Original English text in a Project Gutenberg transcription; the catalogue does not identify a modern editor or translator. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  4. Project Gutenberg · David Hume · 1711–1776An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of MoralsUtility, sympathy and moral judgement.Project Gutenberg transcription of the 1912 reprint of Hume's 1777 edition; original English text. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB

2 texts

Irenaeus

  1. New Advent · Irenaeus · c. 130–c. 202Against HeresiesA defence of one good creator, embodied humanity, apostolic teaching and recapitulation against Gnostic systems.Ante-Nicene Fathers English translation associated with Alexander Roberts and William Rambaut, revised for the historical series and presented in New Advent's online edition. · Free book-by-book HTML text.WEB
  2. Christian Classics Ethereal Library · Irenaeus · c. 130–c. 202Demonstration of the Apostolic PreachingA concise presentation of creation, scripture and redemption.Translated from the Armenian by J. Armitage Robinson; SPCK/Macmillan, 1920; CCEL title The Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching. · Complete readable web text with repository-provided PDF and other ebook options.WEB

4 texts

Immanuel Kant

  1. Project Gutenberg · Immanuel Kant · 1724–1804Groundwork of the Metaphysics of MoralsGood will, duty and the principal formulations of the categorical imperative.Thomas Kingsmill Abbott translation; Project Gutenberg title: Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  2. Project Gutenberg · Immanuel Kant · 1724–1804Critique of Pure ReasonThe conditions and limits of possible experience and knowledge.J. M. D. Meiklejohn translation · Free English full text and downloads.WEB
  3. Online Library of Liberty · Immanuel Kant · 1724–1804The Metaphysics of MoralsA developed account of right, virtue and duties.William Hastie's 1887 translation of the Doctrine of Right · Free HTML, PDF and EPUB editions.WEB
  4. Project Gutenberg · Immanuel Kant · 1724–1804The Metaphysics of MoralsA developed account of right, virtue and duties.Thomas Kingsmill Abbott translation of the Doctrine of Virtue · Free English full text and downloads.WEB

3 texts

Soren Kierkegaard

  1. Google Books · Soren Kierkegaard · 1813–1855Either/OrPseudonymous presentations of aesthetic and ethical ways of living.Either/Or, Part I, translated and edited by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Kierkegaard's Writings III, Princeton University Press ebook edition, 2013, ISBN 9781400846931. · Controlled preview and bibliographic record for Part I only; this destination does not provide the complete two-part work.WEB
  2. Google Books · Soren Kierkegaard · 1813–1855Fear and TremblingFaith, sacrifice, ethical universality and the story of Abraham.Kierkegaard's Writings, volume VI; edited and translated by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong. · Edition-specific bibliographic record and controlled preview; this is not represented as a downloadable full text.WEB
  3. Google Books · Soren Kierkegaard · 1813–1855The Sickness Unto DeathDespair and the self as a relation that must become rightly related to itself and its source.Translated and edited by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, Kierkegaard's Writings XIX, Princeton University Press ebook edition, 2013, ISBN 9781400847020. · Controlled Google Books preview and edition record; readable extent may vary by region.WEB

4 texts

John Locke

  1. Epistemology · John Locke · 1690An Essay Concerning Human UnderstandingBook I, Book II (especially Chapters 1, 2, 8 and 14), and Book IV (especially Chapter 11).PDF
  2. Project Gutenberg · John Locke · 1632–1704An Essay Concerning Human UnderstandingIdeas, knowledge, language and personal identity.Project Gutenberg Volume 1, based on the 1690 second edition, Books I and II; original English text. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  3. Cambridge Aspire · John Locke · 1632–1704Two Treatises of GovernmentNatural rights, consent, property and political legitimacy.Edited by Peter Laslett, revised Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought edition, 1988, 478 pages; DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511810268. · Official complete-edition record listing both the First and Second Treatises, with institutional access options.WEB
  4. Online Library of Liberty · John Locke · 1632–1704A Letter Concerning TolerationThe limits of coercion in matters of belief and worship.In A Letter concerning Toleration and Other Writings, edited by Mark Goldie, Liberty Fund, 2010; based on the corrected second English edition of 1690. · Free full web reading plus repository-generated PDF and EPUB downloads from the title page.WEB

3 texts

Mackie

  1. Penguin Books UK · Mackie · 1917–1981Ethics: Inventing Right and WrongThe systematic defence of moral error theory and scepticism about objective value.Penguin paperback edition, 1990, ISBN 9780140135589. · Publisher edition record and purchase route.WEB
  2. JSTOR · Mackie · 1917–1981Evil and OmnipotenceThe influential formulation of the logical problem of evil and criticism of free-will solutions.Mind 64 (254), April 1955, pp. 200–212; stable JSTOR record 2251467. · Stable journal record with institutional or personal access options and any preview JSTOR makes available.WEB
  3. Google Books · Mackie · 1917–1981The Miracle of TheismA critical examination of arguments for God and the rationality of religious belief.The Miracle of Theism: Arguments for and against the Existence of God, Clarendon Press, 1982, 268 pages, ISBN 9780198246824. · Controlled Google Books bibliographic record with the preview permitted for the user's region and library or seller routes.WEB

6 texts

Karl Marx

  1. Marxists Internet Archive · Karl Marx · 1818–1883Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844Early manuscripts on alienated labour, private property, human flourishing and Marx's critical inheritance from Hegel and Feuerbach.Archive landing page for the 1974 Gregor Benton translation and the 1959 Martin Milligan translation published by Progress Publishers. · Free complete online reading in two English translations, with edition choices identified before entry.WEB
  2. Marxists Internet Archive · Karl Marx · 1818–1883Theses on FeuerbachEleven compressed theses connecting truth, human activity, social relations and revolutionary practice.Cyril Smith's 2002 English translation, based on work undertaken jointly with Don Cuckson; the page distinguishes Marx's original notes from Engels's later edited publication. · Free complete online text with a downloadable PDF.WEB
  3. Marxists Internet Archive · Karl Marx · 1818–1883The German IdeologyWith Friedrich Engels, an unfinished critique of post-Hegelian philosophy and an early formulation of the materialist approach to history.Archive contents page for the manuscripts written by Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1845–46, first published in full in 1932, with material drawn from Marx-Engels Collected Works, volume 5. · Free online access to the principal sections and associated editorial notes.WEB
  4. Marxists Internet Archive · Karl Marx · 1818–1883Manifesto of the Communist PartyWith Friedrich Engels, a political argument about class struggle, capitalism's transformations and communist organisation.Samuel Moore's 1888 translation, produced with Friedrich Engels, checked against the 1888 English edition and presented from Marx/Engels Selected Works, volume one. · Free complete online text with PDF, EPUB and other downloads; the edition page declares Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike terms for the hosted document.WEB
  5. Marxists Internet Archive · Karl Marx · 1818–1883Capital, Volume IAn analysis of commodities, value, labour-power, surplus value, accumulation and the historical formation of capitalist production.First English edition of 1887, translated by Samuel Moore and Edward Aveling, edited by Friedrich Engels, with later spelling modernisation and archive corrections recorded on the edition page. · Complete online text with downloadable PDF, EPUB and other formats from the edition index.WEB
  6. Marxists Internet Archive · Karl Marx · 1818–1883Critique of the Gotha ProgrammeA late intervention on labour, distribution, political transition and the different phases of communist society.English text from Marx/Engels Selected Works, volume three, Progress Publishers, 1970; written in 1875 and first published in abridged form in 1890–91. · Free complete online text organised with its foreword, correspondence, four parts and appendix.WEB

4 texts

Mary Midgley

  1. Routledge · Mary Midgley · 1919–2018Beast and ManHuman nature, animal continuities and criticism of narrow accounts of instinct and reason.Routledge edition, 2003, ISBN 9780415289870. · Publisher edition record and purchase or institutional-access route.WEB
  2. University of Georgia Press · Mary Midgley · 1919–2018Animals and Why They MatterMoral consideration, species boundaries and the place of animals in human ethical thought.University of Georgia Press paperback, published 1 September 1998, 160 pages, ISBN 9780820320410. · Official publisher record with description and purchase routes; it is not a downloadable full text.WEB
  3. Routledge · Mary Midgley · 1919–2018Evolution as a ReligionA critique of turning evolutionary theory into a totalising myth of progress or destiny.Evolution as a Religion: Strange Hopes and Stranger Fears, second edition, Routledge, 2002, 224 pages, ISBN 9780415278331. · Official publisher record with description, contents and purchase or institutional ebook routes.WEB
  4. Routledge · Mary Midgley · 1919–2018WickednessAn inquiry into evil, responsibility, aggression and the refusal to project wrongdoing onto alien monsters.Second edition, Routledge, 2001, 252 pages, ISBN 9780415253987. · Official publisher record with description, contents and purchase or institutional ebook routes.WEB

3 texts

John Stuart Mill

  1. Project Gutenberg · John Stuart Mill · 1806–1873On LibertyIndividuality, free discussion, social pressure and the harm principle.Original English text in a Project Gutenberg transcription; the catalogue page does not identify a translator. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  2. Project Gutenberg · John Stuart Mill · 1806–1873UtilitarianismA defence and refinement of consequentialist ethics.Project Gutenberg transcription of the seventh edition, Longmans, Green, and Co., 1879, reprinted from Fraser's Magazine; original English text. · Complete readable web text with repository-provided ebook downloads.WEB
  3. Project Gutenberg · John Stuart Mill · 1806–1873The Subjection of WomenA critique of legal and social hierarchy between the sexes.Project Gutenberg transcription of the first edition, Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, 1869; original English text. · Complete readable web text with repository-provided ebook downloads.WEB

3 texts

Iris Murdoch

  1. Routledge · Iris Murdoch · 1919–1999The Sovereignty of GoodEssays on attention, unselfing, moral vision and the Good.Routledge second edition, ISBN 9780415253994. · Publisher edition record and purchase or institutional-access route.WEB
  2. Penguin Random House Library Marketing · Iris Murdoch · 1919–1999Existentialists and MysticsCollected philosophical writings on freedom, art, morality, Plato and modern thought.Existentialists and Mystics: Writings on Philosophy and Literature, edited by Peter Conradi, Penguin Books paperback, 1999, 576 pages, ISBN 9780140264920. · Official publisher library record with contents, a Look Inside control and purchase or examination-copy routes.WEB
  3. Penguin UK · Iris Murdoch · 1919–1999Metaphysics as a Guide to MoralsA wide-ranging later reflection on moral philosophy, religion, art and metaphysical orientation.Vintage Classics paperback, published 7 May 2015, 544 pages, ISBN 9780099433552; the work was first published by Chatto & Windus in 1992. · Official publisher record with description and purchase routes; it is not a downloadable full text.WEB

3 texts

Nagel

  1. Oxford Academic · Nagel · 1937–What Is It Like to Be a Bat?The classic argument that objective information may leave out the subjective character of experience.Oxford University Press 50th-anniversary book edition, 2024. · Publisher abstract and chapter access; full access may require purchase or subscription.WEB
  2. Open Library · Nagel · 1937–The View from NowhereAn exploration of the tension between personal standpoints and objective understanding.Work-level library catalogue record for The View from Nowhere; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  3. Open Library · Nagel · 1937–Mortal QuestionsEssays on death, absurdity, moral luck, consciousness and equality.Work-level library catalogue record for Mortal questions; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB

3 texts

Friedrich Nietzsche

  1. Project Gutenberg · Friedrich Nietzsche · 1844–1900On the Genealogy of MoralityGenealogical essays on good and evil, guilt, punishment and ascetic ideals.English translation by J. M. Kennedy and Horace B. Samuel in The Complete Works of Friedrich Nietzsche, volume 13, edited by Oscar Levy. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  2. Project Gutenberg · Friedrich Nietzsche · 1844–1900Beyond Good and EvilA critique of dogmatism, morality and the philosopher's hidden valuations.English translation by Helen Zimmern. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  3. Project Gutenberg · Friedrich Nietzsche · 1844–1900The Gay ScienceExperiment, nihilism, knowledge and the death of God.Historical English edition titled The Joyful Wisdom (La Gaya Scienza), with translators Paul V. Cohn, Thomas Common and Maude Dominica Petre. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB

2 texts

Robert Nozick

  1. Basic Books · Robert Nozick · 1938–2002Anarchy, State, and UtopiaRights, entitlement, the minimal state and the critique of patterned justice.Basic Books trade paperback with a new foreword by Thomas Nagel, ISBN 9780465051007. · Publisher edition record and purchase links.WEB
  2. Open Library · Robert Nozick · 1938–2002Philosophical ExplanationsKnowledge, identity, value, free will and philosophical method.Work-level library catalogue record for Philosophical Explanations; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB

3 texts

Martha Nussbaum

  1. Open Library · Martha Nussbaum · 1947–Women and Human DevelopmentA systematic defence of the capabilities approach through gender and global justice.Work-level library catalogue record for Women and Human Development; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  2. Harvard University Press · Martha Nussbaum · 1947–Creating CapabilitiesAn accessible statement of the approach and its use in development and public policy.Belknap Press of Harvard University Press edition, 2011, ISBN 9780674050549. · Publisher edition record and purchase route; no open full text is represented.WEB
  3. Open Library · Martha Nussbaum · 1947–Frontiers of JusticeDisability, nationality and species membership as limits of contractarian theories.Work-level library catalogue record for Frontiers of Justice; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB

3 texts

William Paley

  1. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections · William Paley · 1743–1805Natural TheologyThe argument from contrivance in organisms and nature to an intelligent creator.London: J. Faulder, 1809 edition, presented as digitised page images and searchable text. · Free full-text reading and page-image access.WEB
  2. Open Library · William Paley · 1743–1805The Principles of Moral and Political PhilosophyUtility, obligation, government, property and moral accountability.Work-level library catalogue record for The principles of moral and political philosophy; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  3. Open Library · William Paley · 1743–1805Horae PaulinaeAn argument for the historical credibility of Pauline letters from undesigned coincidences.Work-level library catalogue record for Horae Paulinae; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB

3 texts

Parfit

  1. Oxford Academic · Parfit · 1942–2017Reasons and PersonsPersonal identity, rationality, future generations and population ethics.Oxford University Press online edition; print ISBN 9780198249085. · Publisher record with online chapter access subject to purchase or subscription.WEB
  2. Open Library · Parfit · 1942–2017On What MattersA large-scale attempt to connect consequentialist, Kantian and contractualist moral reasoning.Work-level library catalogue record for On what matters; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  3. JSTOR · Parfit · 1942–2017Personal IdentityAn influential paper developing reductionism and psychological-continuity cases.The Philosophical Review, volume 80, number 1, January 1971, pages 3-27. · Stable journal record with institutional full-text access where available; bibliographic or preview-only otherwise.WEB

4 texts

Alvin Plantinga

  1. Eerdmans · Alvin Plantinga · 1932–God, Freedom, and EvilThe free-will defence and a modal version of the ontological argument.William B. Eerdmans paperback edition, ISBN 9780802817310. · Publisher description, bibliographic record and purchase route.WEB
  2. Oxford Academic · Alvin Plantinga · 1932–The Nature of NecessityPossible worlds, modality, essence and the metaphysical framework behind several theistic arguments.Oxford Academic record for the Oxford University Press edition, with bibliographic details, contents and chapter abstracts. · Publisher record and chapter-level preview; complete access may require purchase or an institutional subscription.WEB
  3. Oxford Academic · Alvin Plantinga · 1932–Warranted Christian BeliefA model of how Christian belief could possess warrant if true.Oxford Academic record for the Oxford University Press edition, with bibliographic details, contents and chapter abstracts. · Publisher record and chapter-level preview; complete access may require purchase or an institutional subscription.WEB
  4. Oxford Academic · Alvin Plantinga · 1932–Warrant and Proper FunctionThe proper-function account of warrant and knowledge.Oxford Academic record for the Oxford University Press edition, with bibliographic details, contents and chapter abstracts. · Publisher record and chapter-level preview; complete access may require purchase or an institutional subscription.WEB

4 texts

Plato

  1. Epistemology · Plato · c. 380 BCEMenoFrom 81e: recollection, inquiry, true belief and knowledge.PDF
  2. Project Gutenberg · Plato · c. 427–347 BCERepublicJustice, education, political order and the image of the cave.Benjamin Jowett translation, based chiefly on his third edition of 1888 with Stephanus numbering from the 1908 edition. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  3. Project Gutenberg · Plato · c. 427–347 BCEMenoVirtue, inquiry and the puzzle of how searching for knowledge is possible.English translation by Benjamin Jowett. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  4. Project Gutenberg · Plato · c. 427–347 BCESymposiumA sequence of rival speeches about love, desire and ascent.English translation by Benjamin Jowett. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB

3 texts

Putnam

  1. Cambridge Core · Putnam · 1926–2016The Nature of Mental StatesThe multiple-realisability argument and an influential functionalist account of mind.Chapter in Philosophical Papers, Volume 2: Mind, Language and Reality, Cambridge University Press. · Official publisher chapter record; full access may require an institution or purchase.WEB
  2. Cambridge Core · Putnam · 1926–2016The Meaning of 'Meaning'Twin Earth and the externalist claim that meanings are not simply in the head.Chapter 12 in Philosophical Papers, volume 2: Mind, Language and Reality, Cambridge University Press; pages 215-271; DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511625251.014. · Official publisher chapter record with institutional access; bibliographic or sample-only without a subscription.WEB
  3. Open Library · Putnam · 1926–2016Reason, Truth and HistoryInternal realism, brains in vats and criticism of metaphysical realism.Work-level library catalogue record for Reason, truth, and history; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB

3 texts

John Rawls

  1. Harvard University Press · John Rawls · 1921–2002A Theory of JusticeThe original position, two principles and justice as fairness.Revised edition, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, ISBN 9780674000780. · Publisher edition record and purchase route; no open full text is represented.WEB
  2. Open Library · John Rawls · 1921–2002Political LiberalismHow citizens with conflicting comprehensive doctrines might share a political conception of justice.Work-level library catalogue record for Political liberalism; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  3. Open Library · John Rawls · 1921–2002The Law of PeoplesAn extension of political liberalism to international relations.Work-level library catalogue record for The law of peoples; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB

3 texts

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

  1. Project Gutenberg · Jean-Jacques Rousseau · 1712–1778The Social ContractPolitical legitimacy, popular sovereignty, civic freedom and the general will.English translation by G. D. H. Cole, from the 1920 J. M. Dent Everyman's Library edition. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  2. Project Gutenberg · Jean-Jacques Rousseau · 1712–1778Discourse on the Origin and Foundations of InequalityPerfectibility, property, dependence and the social development of inequality.Historical English text titled A Discourse Upon the Origin and the Foundation of the Inequality Among Mankind. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  3. Project Gutenberg · Jean-Jacques Rousseau · 1712–1778EmileEducation, development, autonomy and the formation of citizens and gendered social roles.Historical English text in the Project Gutenberg catalogue edition; the catalogue does not identify a translator. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB

4 texts

Bertrand Russell

  1. Epistemology · Bertrand Russell · 1912The Problems of PhilosophyChapters 1 and 2: appearance, reality and the existence of matter.PDF
  2. Project Gutenberg · Bertrand Russell · 1872–1970The Problems of PhilosophyAppearance and reality, knowledge, universals and the value of philosophy.Original English text; Project Gutenberg catalogue edition. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  3. JSTOR · Bertrand Russell · 1872–1970On DenotingThe classic statement of the theory of descriptions.Mind, New Series, volume 14, number 56, October 1905, pages 479-493. · Stable journal record with institutional full-text access where available; bibliographic or preview-only otherwise.WEB
  4. Open Library · Bertrand Russell · 1872–1970Why I Am Not a ChristianPublic essays applying argument and criticism beyond technical philosophy.Work-level library catalogue record for Why I am not a Christian; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB

3 texts

Ryle

  1. Routledge · Ryle · 1900–1976The Concept of MindThe attack on Cartesian dualism and the analysis of mental concepts through conduct and dispositions.60th Anniversary Edition with commentary by Julia Tanney; Routledge eBook ISBN 9780203875858. · Publisher edition record and purchase or institutional-access route.WEB
  2. Open Library · Ryle · 1900–1976DilemmasStudies of philosophical conflicts produced by crossing different conceptual frameworks.Work-level library catalogue record for Dilemmas; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  3. JSTOR · Ryle · 1900–1976Knowing How and Knowing ThatAn influential distinction between intelligent performance and propositional knowledge.Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, New Series, volume 46, 1945-1946, pages 1-16. · Stable journal record with institutional full-text access where available; bibliographic or preview-only otherwise.WEB

3 texts

Sartre

  1. Open Library · Sartre · 1905–1980Being and NothingnessA phenomenological account of consciousness, freedom, bad faith and relations with others.Work-level library catalogue record for Being and Nothingness; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  2. Yale University Press · Sartre · 1905–1980Existentialism Is a HumanismA public defence of existential freedom, responsibility and value-making.English translation by Carol Macomber, with introduction by Annie Cohen-Solal and preface by Arlette Elkaïm-Sartre. · Publisher edition record, description and purchase route.WEB
  3. Open Library · Sartre · 1905–1980Critique of Dialectical ReasonAn attempt to connect existential agency with history, groups and material conditions.Work-level library catalogue record for Critique of Dialectical Reason; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB

3 texts

Searle

  1. Cambridge Core · Searle · 1932–Minds, Brains, and ProgramsThe Chinese Room argument against strong artificial intelligence.Behavioral and Brain Sciences journal article, Cambridge University Press. · Official journal abstract and access route; full text may require an institution or purchase.WEB
  2. Open Library · Searle · 1932–IntentionalityA theory of how mental states are directed towards objects and conditions of satisfaction.Work-level library catalogue record for Intentionality; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  3. Open Library · Searle · 1932–The Rediscovery of the MindA defence of consciousness as an irreducible biological phenomenon.Work-level library catalogue record for The rediscovery of the mind; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB

3 texts

Peter Singer

  1. Open Library · Peter Singer · 1946–Animal LiberationA sustained challenge to speciesism and practices that inflict avoidable animal suffering.Work-level library catalogue record for Animal Liberation; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  2. JSTOR · Peter Singer · 1946–Famine, Affluence, and MoralityThe argument that affluent agents must prevent severe distant suffering when the cost is comparatively modest.Philosophy & Public Affairs, volume 1, number 3, Spring 1972, pages 229–243. · Stable journal record; full-text access may depend on an institution or personal account.WEB
  3. Open Library · Peter Singer · 1946–Practical EthicsApplied arguments across animals, aid, life and death, equality and responsibility.Work-level library catalogue record for Practical ethics; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB

3 texts

Smart

  1. JSTOR · Smart · 1920–2012Sensations and Brain ProcessesThe classic statement of mind-brain identity theory and topic-neutral analysis.The Philosophical Review, volume 68, number 2, April 1959, pages 141–156. · Stable journal record; full-text access may depend on an institution or personal account.WEB
  2. Open Library · Smart · 1920–2012Philosophy and Scientific RealismA naturalistic metaphysics shaped by science, physicalism and parsimony.Work-level library catalogue record for Philosophy and Scientific Realism; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  3. Open Library · Smart · 1920–2012Utilitarianism: For and AgainstSmart's defence of act utilitarianism paired with Bernard Williams's criticism.Work-level library catalogue record for Utilitarianism; for and against; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB

3 texts

Socrates

  1. Project Gutenberg · Socrates · c. 470–399 BCEPlato's ApologyA literary presentation of Socrates' defence, mission and refusal to abandon examination.Plato's Apology in the English translation by Benjamin Jowett. · Socrates left no writings. Plato's dialogue is a primary ancient witness to his defence, not a work authored by Socrates; readable online with ebook downloads.WEB
  2. Project Gutenberg · Socrates · c. 470–399 BCEPlato's EuthyphroA Socratic examination of piety and whether goodness depends on divine approval.Plato's dialogue in the English translation by Benjamin Jowett; an ancient witness to Socrates rather than a work authored by him. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  3. Project Gutenberg · Socrates · c. 470–399 BCEXenophon's MemorabiliaA contrasting ancient portrait of Socrates' conversations and practical teaching.Xenophon's ancient witness to Socrates in the English translation by H. G. Dakyns; not a work authored by Socrates. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB

4 texts

Robert C. Solomon

  1. Open Library · Robert C. Solomon · 1942–2007The PassionsThe judgement-based theory of emotion and its relation to meaning and responsibility.Work-level library catalogue record for The passions; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  2. Open Library · Robert C. Solomon · 1942–2007Not Passion's SlaveEssays developing a philosophical account of emotion, rationality and character.Work-level library catalogue record for Not Passion's Slave; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  3. Oxford Academic · Robert C. Solomon · 1942–2007Spirituality for the Skeptic: The Thoughtful Love of LifeA secular account of spirituality through reflective passion, gratitude and engagement with life.Oxford University Press, 2002. · Publisher book record with online chapter access subject to purchase or subscription.WEB
  4. Open Library · Robert C. Solomon · 1942–2007Ethics and ExcellenceA virtue-centred approach to business ethics, corporate character and human practice.Work-level library catalogue record for Ethics and Excellence; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB

4 texts

Ernest Sosa

  1. Open Library · Ernest Sosa · 1940–Knowledge in PerspectiveThe foundational development of virtue perspectivism in epistemology.Work-level library catalogue record for Knowledge in Perspective; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  2. Oxford Academic · Ernest Sosa · 1940–Apt Belief and Reflective KnowledgeA two-volume account of competence, aptness and reflective epistemic standing.A Virtue Epistemology: Apt Belief and Reflective Knowledge, volume I, Oxford University Press, 2007; print ISBN 9780199297023. · Official publisher book record with chapter access subject to purchase or subscription; bibliographic or sample-only otherwise.WEB
  3. Oxford Academic / Princeton Scholarship Online · Ernest Sosa · 1940–Knowing Full WellA concise account of knowing aptly and knowing from a reflective perspective on one's competence.Princeton University Press, 2011. · Publisher book record with online chapter access subject to purchase or subscription.WEB
  4. Open Library · Ernest Sosa · 1940–Judgment and AgencyJudgement as action and the role of epistemic competence in responsible belief.Work-level library catalogue record for Judgment and Agency; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB

3 texts

Spinoza

  1. Project Gutenberg · Spinoza · 1632–1677EthicsThe geometrical presentation of substance, mind, affects, bondage and human freedom.English translation by R. H. M. Elwes. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  2. Early Modern Texts · Spinoza · 1632–1677Theological-Political TreatiseBiblical criticism, freedom of thought and the political conditions of peace.Jonathan Bennett adaptation into contemporary English, titled Treatise on Theology and Politics and first launched by the repository in August 2007. · Direct free reading PDF; use the repository copy rather than mirroring it.WEB
  3. Early Modern Texts · Spinoza · 1632–1677Political TreatiseAn unfinished realist analysis of political institutions and collective power.Jonathan Bennett adaptation into contemporary English of the Political Treatise, dated 1675 in the repository catalogue. · Direct free reading PDF; use the repository copy rather than mirroring it.WEB

4 texts

Richard Swinburne

  1. Oxford Academic · Richard Swinburne · 1934–The Existence of GodThe cumulative probabilistic argument from world, consciousness, morality and religious experience.First edition, Oxford University Press, published 21 March 1991; print ISBN 9780198239635 and online ISBN 9780191598609. · Publisher book record and online chapter access subject to purchase or subscription.WEB
  2. Open Library · Richard Swinburne · 1934–The Coherence of TheismAn analysis of divine attributes and whether the concept of God is coherent.Work-level library catalogue record for The coherence of theism; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  3. Open Library · Richard Swinburne · 1934–Providence and the Problem of EvilFreedom, responsibility, natural evil and proposed goods that might justify divine permission of suffering.Work-level library catalogue record for Providence and the Problem of Evil; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  4. Open Library · Richard Swinburne · 1934–Mind, Brain, and Free WillA defence of substance dualism, personal identity and libertarian freedom.Work-level library catalogue record for Mind Brain and Free Will; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB

3 texts

Turing

  1. Wiley Online Library / London Mathematical Society · Turing · 1912–1954On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the EntscheidungsproblemThe paper introducing the machine model now central to computability theory.Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, series 2, volume 42, issue 1, 1937, pages 230-265; DOI 10.1112/plms/s2-42.1.230. · Official journal record with full text subject to Wiley access terms.WEB
  2. Oxford Academic · Turing · 1912–1954Computing Machinery and IntelligenceThe imitation game, objections to machine intelligence and the possibility of learning machines.Mind, volume LIX, issue 236, October 1950, starting at page 433. · Official journal record with online article access subject to Oxford Academic terms.WEB
  3. The Turing Digital Archive, King's College Cambridge · Turing · 1912–1954Intelligent MachineryAn early report on machine learning, search and artificial intelligence.Turing's 1948 typescript report with autograph corrections, archive reference AMT/C/11. · Institutional catalogue record and digitised manuscript pages.WEB

3 texts

Wittgenstein

  1. Project Gutenberg · Wittgenstein · 1889–1951Tractatus Logico-PhilosophicusThe early picture theory of propositions and an attempt to mark the limits of meaningful language.English translation by C. K. Ogden. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  2. Open Library · Wittgenstein · 1889–1951Philosophical InvestigationsLanguage-games, rules, private language and philosophy as clarification.Work-level library catalogue record for Philosophical investigations; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  3. Open Library · Wittgenstein · 1889–1951On CertaintyNotes on hinge commitments, doubt and the background of inquiry.Work-level library catalogue record for On certainty =; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB

3 texts

Wolf

  1. Open Library · Wolf · 1952–Meaning in Life and Why It MattersThe account of fitting fulfilment and active engagement in projects of worth.Work-level library catalogue record for Meaning in life and why it matters; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB
  2. JSTOR · Wolf · 1952–Moral SaintsThe argument that maximal moral goodness need not produce the most admirable or desirable human life.The Journal of Philosophy, volume 79, number 8, August 1982, pages 419–439. · Stable journal record; full-text access may depend on an institution or personal account.WEB
  3. Open Library · Wolf · 1952–Freedom Within ReasonA reason-sensitive account of responsibility and freedom.Work-level library catalogue record for Freedom within reason; select a listed edition on the record. · Bibliographic record with edition, library-location, borrowing or preview links where available; this row is bibliographic or sample-only unless the selected edition states otherwise.WEB

3 texts

Mary Wollstonecraft

  1. Project Gutenberg · Mary Wollstonecraft · 1759–1797A Vindication of the Rights of WomanEducation, rational equality, virtue, citizenship and the social production of dependence.Original English text in the Project Gutenberg catalogue edition. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  2. Project Gutenberg · Mary Wollstonecraft · 1759–1797A Vindication of the Rights of MenA republican critique of inherited privilege, hierarchy and Burke's political aesthetics.Original English text in the Project Gutenberg catalogue edition. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
  3. Project Gutenberg · Mary Wollstonecraft · 1759–1797Letters Written During a Short Residence in Sweden, Norway, and DenmarkTravel writing that connects commerce, feeling, landscape, gender and political judgement.Original English text in the Project Gutenberg catalogue edition. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB

1 text

Zhuangzi

  1. Project Gutenberg · Zhuangzi · 4th century BCEZhuangziInner, Outer and Miscellaneous Chapters using parable, dialogue, humour and transformation.Herbert A. Giles translation, published under the title Chuang Tzu: Mystic, Moralist, and Social Reformer. · Readable online with downloadable ebook formats from the catalogue page.WEB
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