Epistemology · A-Level Philosophy
Knowledge, perception, reason and the limits of certainty
An interactive route through knowledge, its sources and the limits of certainty.
5 curriculum sections
The Epistemology route
Each section gathers a connected sequence of arguments, objections and replies.
Epistemology: FoundationsHow do philosophers build and test claims about knowledge?In reviewWhat Is Knowledge?What turns a true belief into knowledge?In reviewPerception as a Source of KnowledgeCan perception give us knowledge of a mind-independent world?In reviewReason as a Source of KnowledgeWhat can reason contribute to knowledge independently of experience?In reviewThe Limits of KnowledgeCan philosophical scepticism be defeated?In review
Core reading · 10 texts
Epistemology original texts
Foundational arguments and extracts arranged as a practical reading sequence. Local texts open as PDFs; the Zagzebski chapter links to its reading record.
- Three Dialogues between Hylas and PhilonousGeorge Berkeley · 1713PDF
- Meditations on First PhilosophyRené Descartes · 1641PDF
- Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?Edmund Gettier · 1963PDF
- An Enquiry Concerning Human UnderstandingDavid Hume · 1748PDF
- New Essays on Human UnderstandingG. W. Leibniz · 1705PDF
- An Essay Concerning Human UnderstandingJohn Locke · 1690PDF
- MenoPlato · c. 380 BCEPDF
- The Problems of PhilosophyBertrand Russell · 1912PDF
- A Letter from an Anonymous Writer to the Author of the Minute PhilosopherCatharine Trotter Cockburn · 1732PDF
- What is Knowledge?Linda Zagzebski · 1999WEB
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